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Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Feb. 15, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Document and Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	Trovagene, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001213037
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Document Type	10-K
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (shares)		4,021,507
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Public Float			$ 13,220,162

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 11,453,133	$ 8,225,764
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	167,755	77,095
Prepaid expenses	1,144,377	1,165,828
Total current assets	12,765,265	9,468,687
Property and equipment, net	1,304,433	2,426,312
Other assets	102,798	389,942
Total Assets	14,172,496	12,284,941
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	664,840	825,244
Accrued liabilities	1,813,842	1,454,587
Deferred rent	486,636	334,424
Current portion of long-term debt	0	1,331,515
Total current liabilities	2,965,318	3,945,770
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	32,315	649,387
Deferred rent, net of current portion	1,090,671	1,183,677
Total liabilities	4,088,304	5,778,834
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 277,100 designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock; 60,600 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017 with liquidation preference of $606,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017; 8,860 designated as Series B Convertible Preferred Stock; 0 shares outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	60	60
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2018 and 2017; 3,831,879 and 733,217 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively	7,742	5,279
Additional paid-in capital	202,267,605	179,546,954
Accumulated deficit	(192,191,215)	(173,046,186)
Total stockholders’ equity	10,084,192	6,506,107
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$ 14,172,496	$ 12,284,941

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized(in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	3,831,879	733,217
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	3,831,879	733,217
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 10
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	277,100	277,100
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	60,600	60,600
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, liquidation preference	$ 606,000	$ 606,000
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	8,860	8,860
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Statement [Abstract]
Royalties	$ 250,453	$ 285,444
Services	127,872	219,960
Total revenues	378,325	505,404
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue	597,457	1,811,424
Research and development	8,164,011	7,882,650
Selling, general and administrative	8,005,583	14,232,876
Restructuring charges	664,686	2,174,251
Total operating expenses	17,431,737	26,101,201
Loss from operations	(17,053,412)	(25,595,797)
Interest income	219,430	147,883
Interest expense	(25,409)	(1,033,939)
Other loss, net	(236,833)	(170,138)
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt	17,974	(1,655,825)
Gain from changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	617,072	3,401,072
Net loss	(16,461,178)	(24,906,744)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(24,240)	(24,240)
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	(2,769,533)	0
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (19,254,951)	$ (24,930,984)
Net loss per common share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (8.26)	$ (51.76)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (8.26)	$ (51.76)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	2,330,180	481,672
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	2,330,180	481,672

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (16,461,178)	$ (24,906,744)
Other comprehensive gain:
Reversal of previous foreign currency translation loss	0	1,708
Reversal of previous loss on securities available-for-sale	0	9,065
Total other comprehensive gain	0	10,773
Total comprehensive loss	(16,461,178)	(24,895,971)
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	(24,240)	(24,240)
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	(2,769,533)	0
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (19,254,951)	$ (24,920,211)

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated Deficit
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		60,600	426,344
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 19,768,139	$ 60	$ 3,070	$ 167,890,984	$ (10,773)	$ (148,115,202)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)			291,347
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of expenses	10,861,113		$ 2,097	10,859,016
Stock based compensation	4,012,585			4,012,585
Derivative liability-fair value of warrants issued	(3,215,519)			(3,215,519)
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock awards (in shares)			5,174
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock awards			$ 37	(37)
Issuance of common stock upon release of restricted stock units (in shares)			10,352
Issuance of common stock upon release of restricted stock awards			$ 75	(75)
Reversal of loss from foreign currency translation	1,708				1,708
Reversal of loss on securities available-for-sale	9,065				9,065
Preferred stock dividend	(24,240)					(24,240)
Net loss	(24,906,744)					(24,906,744)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		60,600	733,217
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	6,506,107	$ 60	$ 5,279	179,546,954	0	(173,046,186)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)		8,860	1,523,333
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of expenses	11,779,525		$ 914	11,778,611
Sale of common stock and warrants, net of expenses	4,386,762	$ 9		4,386,753
Stock based compensation	2,174,627			2,174,627
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock awards (in shares)			18,609
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock awards			$ 94	(94)
Reversal of loss from foreign currency translation	0
Reversal of loss on securities available-for-sale	0
Preferred stock dividend	(24,240)					(24,240)
Net loss	(16,461,178)					(16,461,178)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in shares)			78,917
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	1,612,667		$ 569	1,612,098
Deemed dividend recognized on beneficial conversion features of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issuance				2,769,533		(2,769,533)
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (in shares)		(8,860)	1,476,667
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock		$ (9)	$ 886	(877)
Issuance of common stock for share rounding as a result of reverse stock split (in shares)			1,136
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle related to revenue recognition	109,922					109,922
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		60,600	3,831,879
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 10,084,192	$ 60	$ 7,742	$ 202,267,605	$ 0	$ (192,191,215)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (16,461,178)	$ (24,906,744)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Loss on disposal of assets	362,949	455,051
Impairment loss	187,500	589,700
Depreciation and amortization	859,487	1,247,576
Stock-based compensation expense	2,174,627	4,012,585
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt	(17,974)	1,655,825
Accretion of final fee premium	0	293,614
Amortization of discount on debt	0	113,780
Net realized loss on short-term investments	0	6,400
Amortization of premiums on short-term investments	0	9,230
Deferred rent	59,206	(140,863)
Interest income accrued on short-term investments	0	(90,330)
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants	(617,072)	(3,401,072)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in other assets	(23,755)	0
Decrease in accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	19,262	23,365
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses	21,451	(208,185)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses	236,484	(2,940,999)
Net cash used in operating activities	(13,199,013)	(23,281,067)
Investing activities
Capital expenditures	(5,100)	(101,101)
Proceeds from disposals of capital equipment	27,942	1,540
Maturities of short-term investments	0	16,431,837
Purchases of short-term investments	(31,500)	(8,804,604)
Sales of short-term investments	31,500	16,434,553
Net cash provided by investing activities	22,842	23,962,225
Financing activities
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants	13,115,648	11,727,153
Proceeds from sales of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	4,884,379	0
Payments of stock issuance costs	(1,833,740)	(866,039)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	1,612,667	0
Repayments under equipment line of credit	(1,200,033)	(626,104)
Payment upon debt extinguishment	(175,381)	(1,613,067)
Repayments of long-term debt	0	(15,000,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	16,403,540	(6,378,057)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	0	7,569
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	3,227,369	(5,689,330)
Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning of period	8,225,764	13,915,094
Cash and cash equivalents—End of period	11,453,133	8,225,764
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for taxes	800	800
Cash paid for interest	22,482	668,465
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Preferred stock dividend payable on Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	24,240	24,240
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issuance	2,769,533	0
Common stock issued upon conversion of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock	$ 886	$ 0

Business Overview and Going Concerns

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business Overview and Going Concerns

Business Organization and Overview

Trovagene, Inc. (“Trovagene” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage, oncology therapeutics company, taking a precision cancer medicine approach to develop drugs that target mitosis (cell division) to treat various types of cancer, including leukemias, lymphomas and solid tumors.

Trovagene’s intellectual property and proprietary technology enables the Company to analyze circulating tumor DNA (“ctDNA”) and clinically actionable markers. Unique to the Company’s clinical development plan, and a key component of its precision cancer medicine approach, is the integration of predictive clinical biomarkers to identify patients most likely to respond to treatment.

Going Concern Uncertainty

Trovagene’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2018 have been prepared under the assumption that Trovagene will continue as a going concern, which assumes that the Company will realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of the uncertainty concerning the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. Considering the Company’s current cash resources, including the net proceeds received from the offering of its equity securities in June 2018, management believes the Company’s existing resources will be sufficient to fund the Company’s planned operations into third quarter of 2019. On April 6, 2018, the Company paid off the outstanding Loan and Security Agreement (“Equipment Line of Credit”) entered in November 2015 to Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Based on its current business plan and assumptions, the Company expects to continue to incur significant losses and require significant additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company has based its cash sufficiency estimates on its current business plan and its assumptions that may prove to be wrong. The Company could utilize its available capital resources sooner than it currently expects, and it could need additional funding to sustain its operations even sooner than currently anticipated. These circumstances raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. For the foreseeable future, the Company’s ability to continue its operations is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional capital.

The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that impact the Company’s ability to conduct its business.

If the Company is unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, it may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development and/or commercialization of one or more of its product candidates, all of which would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s operations. The Company may also be required to:


•	Seek collaborators for product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; and


•	Relinquish licenses or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that the Company would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize themselves, on unfavorable terms.

The Company is evaluating the following options to both raise additional capital as well as reduce costs, in an effort to strengthen its liquidity position:


•	Raising capital through public and private equity offerings;


•	Introducing operation and business development initiatives to bring in new revenue streams;


•	Reducing operating costs by identifying internal synergies;


•	Engaging in strategic partnerships.

As of February 15, 2019, the Company has received approximately $1.6 million upon exercise of 78,917 warrants in connection with the December 2017 public offering. The Company continually assesses its spending plans to effectively and efficiently address its liquidity needs.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Trovagene, which include its wholly owned subsidiary, Trovagene S.r.l. (dissolved in October 2017), have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company made a reverse split of its common stock, $0.0001 par value, at a ratio of 1 for 12, effective June 1, 2018. All share and per share information in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

The Company made a reverse split of its common stock, $0.0001 par value, at a ratio of 1 for 6, effective February 19, 2019. All share and per share information in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of operating and money market accounts as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 on deposit. Cash equivalents are considered by the Company to be highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains deposit accounts at financial institutions that are in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash due to the financial position of the depository institution in which those deposits are held. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by generally placing its cash in high credit quality financial institutions and investment in fixed income instruments denominated and payable in U.S. dollars. Additionally, the Company has established guidelines regarding diversification of its investments and their maturities, which are designed to maintain principal and maximize liquidity.

Revenues

The Company recognizes revenue when control of its products and services is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive from its customers in exchange for those products and services. This process involves identifying the contract with a customer, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the contract price, allocating the contract price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and is separately identified in the contract. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of goods or service to the customer, meaning the customer has the ability to use and obtain the benefit of goods or service. The Company recognizes revenue for satisfied performance obligations only when it determines there are no uncertainties regarding payment terms or transfer of control. For sales-based royalties, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Royalty and License Revenues

The Company licenses and sublicenses its patent rights to healthcare companies, medical laboratories and biotechnology partners. These agreements may involve multiple elements such as license fees, royalties and milestone payments. Revenue is recognized when the criteria described above have been met as well as the following:

•Up-front nonrefundable license fees pursuant to agreements under which the Company has no continuing performance obligations are recognized as revenues on the effective date of the agreement and when collection is probable.

•Minimum royalties are recognized as earned, and royalties are earned based on the licensee’s use. The Company estimates and records licensee’s sales based on historical usage rate and collectability.

Payment terms and conditions vary by contracts, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 45 days after invoice. Minimum royalties are generally due quarterly or annually.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company reviews the collectability of accounts receivable based on an assessment of historic experience, current economic conditions, and other collection indicators. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 the Company had not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts. When accounts are determined to be uncollectible, they are written off against the reserve balance and the reserve is reassessed. When payments are received on reserved accounts, they are applied to the individual’s account and the reserve is reassessed.

Derivative Financial Instruments—Warrants

The Company has issued common stock warrants in connection with the execution of certain equity financings. Such warrants are classified as derivative liabilities under the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) or ASC 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) are recorded at their fair market value as of each reporting period. Such warrants do not meet the exemption that a contract should not be considered a derivative instrument if it is (1) indexed to its own stock and (2) classified in stockholders’ equity. The warrants within the scope of ASC 480 contain a feature that could require the transfer of cash in the event a change of control occurs without an authorization of the Company’s Board of Directors, and therefore classified as a liability. Changes in fair value of derivative liabilities are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative instruments.”

The fair value of warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using assumptions regarding the volatility of Trovagene’s common stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, and the risk-free interest rates at each period end. The Company thus uses model-derived valuations where inputs are observable in active markets to determine the fair value and accordingly classifies such warrants in Level 3 per FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”). At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the fair value of these warrants was $32,315 and $649,387, respectively, and was recorded as a liability under the caption “derivative financial instruments—warrants” on the consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation

FASB ASC Topic 718 “Compensation—Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”) requires companies to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the estimated fair value of the award at the date of grant. The expense is recognized ratably over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. The Company accounts for equity instruments granted to non-employees in accordance with the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under the ASU 2018-07, most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees is now aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. Accordingly, the stock options for nonemployees are measured on the date of grant, and the measurement is fixed at the grant date.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, debt and derivative liabilities. The Company has adopted ASC 820 for financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value and non-financial assets and liabilities that are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These financial instruments are stated at their respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value due to their short term nature as they reflect current market interest rates. Debt is stated at its respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value as they reflect current market interest rates.

In accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 820-10, the Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis using the three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The three tiers include:


•	Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.


•	Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations where inputs are observable or where significant value drivers are observable.


•	Level 3 — Instruments where significant value drivers are unobservable to third parties.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets. The Company records property and equipment at cost, and records other intangible assets based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimate useful life of five years for laboratory equipment and three to five years for furniture and office equipment. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed based on the shorter of the life of the asset or the term of the lease. Amortization of intangible assets is calculated using the straight line method over the estimate useful life of the assets, based on when the Company expect to receive cash inflows generated by the intangible assets.

Impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations are recorded when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets carrying amount. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. During the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded $187,500 and $104,700 of impairment losses on long-lived intangible assets, respectively.

Restructuring

Restructuring costs are included in loss from operations in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has accounted for these costs in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. One-time termination benefits are recorded at the time they are communicated to the affected employees. In March 2017, the Company announced a restructuring plan which was completed as of December 31, 2017. In May 2018, the Company closed its CLIA laboratory operations. Costs associated with winding down the CLIA laboratory were recorded in the restructuring charges in the December 31, 2018 financial statements. See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial statement and tax bases of Trovagene’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The assessment of whether or not a valuation allowance is required often requires significant judgment.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, Trovagene is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, stockholder lawsuits, product and environmental liability, and tax matters. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, Accounting for Contingencies, Trovagene records such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Trovagene, in accordance with this guidance, does not recognize gain contingencies until realized.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue represents the cost of materials, personnel costs, costs associated with processing specimens including pathological review, quality control analyses, and delivery charges necessary to render an individualized test result. Costs associated with performing tests are recorded as the tests are processed.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses, which include expenditures in connection with an in-house research and development laboratory, salaries and staff costs, clinical trials, purchased in-process research and development and regulatory and scientific consulting fees, as well as contract research and insurance, are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 730-10-55-2, Research and Development. Also, as prescribed by this guidance, patent filing and maintenance expenses are considered legal in nature and therefore classified as general and administrative expense, if any.

While certain of the Company’s research and development costs may have future benefits, the Company’s policy of expensing all research and development expenditures is predicated on the fact that Trovagene has no history of successful commercialization of molecular diagnostic products to base any estimate of the number of future periods that would be benefited.

FASB ASC Topic 730, Research and Development requires that non-refundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and capitalized. As the related goods are delivered or the services are performed, or when the goods or services are no longer expected to be provided, the deferred amounts are recognized as an expense.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented in conformity with FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, for all periods presented. In accordance with this guidance, basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in income available to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Shares used in calculating diluted net loss per common share exclude as anti-dilutive the following share equivalents:



	December 31,
	2018	2017
Options to purchase Common Stock	83,345	62,368
Warrants to purchase Common stock	3,649,341	327,160
Restricted Stock Units	30,132	17,699
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	877	877
	3,763,695	408,104

The following table summarizes the Company’s diluted net loss per share:



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(19,254,951	)	$	(24,930,984	)
Net loss used for diluted loss per share	$	(19,254,951	)	$	(24,930,984	)

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net loss per share	2,330,180			481,672
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share	2,330,180			481,672

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(8.26	)	$	(51.76	)
Diluted	$	(8.26	)	$	(51.76	)

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which includes amendments that clarify how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 also provides guidance clarifying when an entity should separate cash receipts and cash payments and classify them into more than one class of cash flows. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 had no material impact on its consolidated statements of cash flows.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). The new standard is based on the principle that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Since its initial release, the FASB has issued several amendments to the standard, which include clarification of accounting guidance related to identification of performance obligations, intellectual property licenses, and principle versus agent considerations. ASU 2014-09 and all subsequent amendments (collectively, “ASC 606”) became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. This resulted in a cumulative adjustment to decrease the Company’s accumulated deficit by $109,922 to reflect the acceleration of revenue recognition related to its sales-based royalties for agreements with customers that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to adopt the new revenue guidance, the Company recorded $109,922 to unbilled receivables under the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification in order to simplify the accounting for share-based payments granted to nonemployees for goods and services. Under the ASU 2018-07, most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees will be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. The guidance mandates the modified retrospective approach and is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt this ASU 2018-07 as of September 30, 2018 and the adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 changes accounting for leases and requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from most leases, including those classified as operating leases under previous accounting guidance, on the balance sheet and requires disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements to increase transparency and comparability among organizations. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, which provides narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new lease standard. In July 2018, ASU 2018-11, Leases: Targeted Improvements, was issued to provide relief to companies from restating comparative periods. Pursuant to this ASU, in the period of adoption the Company will not restate comparative periods presented in its financial statements. The new guidance became effective for the Company on January 1, 2019.

The Company has completed the process of identifying and evaluating its leases in preparation for ASC 842 adoption. Based on the analysis, all existing leases and subleases were determined to be operating leases as defined under the new guidance. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method with a cumulative-effect adjustment in the current period. The new standard has a material impact in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The most significant impact is the recognition on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet on the date of initial application of approximately $2,503,000 of lease liabilities based on the present value of remaining rental payments under existing leases, and the recognition of corresponding right-of-use assets of approximately $1,970,000 based on the new lease liabilities, adjusted by the amount of lease-related assets and liabilities under previous guidance. At the same time, the Company de-recognized its lease-related assets and liabilities established under previous guidance, including its deferred rent liability of approximately $1,577,000, leasehold improvements with a net book value of approximately $970,000, and prepaid rent of approximately $74,000. Total assets and liabilities increased by a net of approximately $926,000, with no adjustment to opening accumulated deficit. Net periodic expense for the Company’s existing leases is not currently expected to vary materially from the calculated expense under previous guidance, although there will be presentation differences related to the consolidated statement of operations and consolidated statement of cash flows under ASC 842 as compared to previous guidance.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The standard is effective for all entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information

Property and Equipment

Fixed assets consist of laboratory, testing and computer equipment and fixtures stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $736,088 and $1,053,913, respectively. Property and equipment consisted of the following:



	As of December 31,
	2018			2017
Furniture and office equipment	$	775,030		$	1,076,709
Leasehold improvements	1,962,230			1,994,514
Laboratory equipment	677,234			1,426,581
	3,414,494			4,497,804
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,110,061		)	(2,071,492		)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,304,433		$	2,426,312

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:



	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
Accrued compensation	$	780,848	$	618,128
Preferred stock dividend	341,015		316,775
Research agreements and clinical trials	319,898		135,139
Director fees	80,008		116,004
Professional fees and outside services	107,006		54,868
Patent, license and other fees	58,398		—
Interest payable	—		59,195
Other accrued liabilities	126,669		154,478
Total accrued liabilities	$	1,813,842	$	1,454,587

Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued a total of 306,873 shares of common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $11.6 million from the sale of 289,929 shares of its common stock and 277,233 warrants and pre-funded warrants through public offering, registered direct offering and private placement in July and December 2017. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $0.1 million from the sale of 1,418 shares of its common stock at a weighted-average price of $77.76 under the agreement with the Agent. In addition, 5,174 shares were issued upon vesting of RSU, and 10,352 shares were issued upon vesting of RSA.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued a total of 3,098,662 shares of common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $18.0 million from the sale of 1,523,333 shares of its common stock, 3,450,000 warrants, and 8,860 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock through an underwritten public offering in June 2018. 78,917 shares were issued upon exercise of warrants for a weighted-average price of $20.44. 18,609 shares were issued upon vesting of RSU and 1,476,667 shares were issued upon conversion of 8,860 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. In addition, 1,136 shares were issued for share rounding as a result of the reverse stock split.

Warrants

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications, is presented below:



	Number of Warrants (1)		Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share (1)		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (1)
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016	76,478		$	275.74	1.6
Granted	272,834		$	40.49
Expired	(26,538	)	$	383.04
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017	322,774		$	68.07	4.4
Granted	3,450,000		$	6.60
Exercised	(74,518	)	$	21.60
Expired	(48,915	)	$	217.17
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2018	3,649,341		$	8.91	4.4

(1)Excluded the pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,399 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.72 per share. The pre-warrants expire when exercised in full.

In connection with a direct registered offering occurred in July 2017, the Company issued warrants to purchase 64,495 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $101.52 per share which expire on the five year anniversary of the original issuance date. In December 2017, the Company issued warrants to purchase 208,339 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $21.60 per share in a public offering which expire on the five year anniversary of the original issuance date. The Company also issued pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,399 shares of common stock which expire when exercised in full. $20.88 of the pre-funded warrant exercise price was paid upfront on the closing date of the public offering and the remaining exercise price is $0.72.

In connection with an underwritten public offering occurred in June 2018, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,450,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $6.60 per share which expire on five year anniversary of the original issuance date.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

The material terms of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock consist of:

1) Dividends. Holders of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at the rate per share of 4% per annum, payable quarterly on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, beginning with September 30, 2005. Dividends are payable, at the Company’s sole election, in cash or shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had $341,015 and $316,775, respectively in accrued cumulative unpaid preferred stock dividends, included in accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, and $24,240 and $24,240 of accrued dividends was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

2) Voting Rights. Shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have no voting rights. However, so long as any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company may not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock then outstanding, (a) adversely change the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (b) authorize or create any class of stock senior or equal to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (c) amend its certificate of incorporation or other charter documents, so as to affect adversely any rights of the holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or (d) increase the authorized number of shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

3) Liquidation. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive an amount equal to the Stated Value per share, which is currently $10 per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

4) Conversion Rights. Each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Stated Value, currently $10 per share, by the conversion price, which at the time of issuance was $928.80 per share.

5) Subsequent Equity Sales. The conversion price is subject to adjustment for dilutive issuances for a period of 12 months beginning upon registration of the common stock underlying the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The relevant registration statement became effective on March 17, 2006 and the conversion price was adjusted to $691.20 per share.

6) Automatic Conversion. If the price of the Company’s common stock equals $1,857.60 per share for 20 consecutive trading days, and an average of 116 shares of common stock per day are traded during the 20 trading days, the Company will have the right to deliver a notice to the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, requesting the holders to convert any portion of the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of common stock at the applicable conversion price. As of the date of these financial statements, such conditions have not been met.

As of each of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were 60,600 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

Series B Convertible Preferred Stock

On June 12, 2018, the Company closed an underwritten public offering for total gross proceeds of $18.0 million. The total related offering costs were approximately $1.8 million. The securities offered by the Company consisted of (i) 1,523,333 shares of common stock, at an offering price of $6.00 per share, (ii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,450,000 shares of common stock, including the over-allotment option for 450,000 option warrants, at an exercise price of $6.60 per share, and (iii) 8,860 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, with a stated value of $1,000, and convertible into an aggregate of 1,476,667 shares of common stock. The conversion feature of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock at the time of issuance was determined to be beneficial on commitment date. Because the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is perpetual with no stated maturity date, and the conversions may occur any time from inception, the Company immediately recorded a one-time, non-cash deemed dividend of $2.8 million related to the beneficial conversion feature arising from the issuance of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. This one-time, non-cash deemed dividend increased the Company’s net loss attributable to common stockholders and net loss per share.

The holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends on an as-if-converted-to-Common-Stock basis when, as and if such dividends are paid on shares of the Common Stock. Each share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock shall entitle the holder to vote on an as-if-converted-to-Common-Stock basis (not exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, the holders of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to participate on an as-if-converted-to-Common Stock basis (without giving effect to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) with holders of the Common Stock in any distribution of assets of the Company. Each share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder into that number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing the stated value of $1,000 per share, by the conversion price. The conversion price was $6.00 per share.

As of December 31, 2018, there were no shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding, all of which has been converted to common stock.

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

The Trovagene, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 EIP”), authorizing up to 34,722 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2014 EIP, was approved by the Board in June 2014 and approved by the stockholders of the Company at the September 17, 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. An additional 34,722 shares of common stock was authorized for issuance by the Board in March 2015 and was approved by the stockholders at the June 10, 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Stockholder approval was obtained on May 17, 2016 to increase the number of authorized shares in the 2014 EIP from 69,444 to 104,066. The adoption of an amendment to the Company’s 2014 EIP to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance to 131,944 was approved by the stockholders at the June 13, 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. At the May 30, 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the stockholders approved the increase of number of authorized shares in the 2014 EIP to 243,056.

As of December 31, 2018, there were 106,300 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP.

Stock-based compensation has been recognized in operating results as follows:



	Years ended December 31,
	2018		2017
In cost of revenue	$	30,488	$	83,713
In research and development expenses	752,127		1,026,497
In selling, general and administrative expenses	1,392,012		3,027,597
Benefit from restructuring	—		(125,222		)
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,174,627	$	4,012,585

Stock Options

The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions during the years indicated below:



	Years ended December 31,
	2018	2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.42% - 2.93%	1.82% - 2.03%
Dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected volatility (range)	89% - 98%	86% - 117%
Expected volatility (weighted-average)	91%	87%
Expected term (in years)	5.2 years	5.3 years

Risk-free interest rate — Based on the daily yield curve rates for U.S. Treasury obligations with maturities that correspond to the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

Dividend yield — Trovagene has not paid any dividends on common stock since its inception and does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future.

Expected volatility — Based on the historical volatility of Trovagene’s common stock.

Expected term — The expected option term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding based on the simplified method provided in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB No. 107”), which averages an award’s weighted-average vesting period and expected term for “plain vanilla” share options. Under SAB No. 107, options are considered to be “plain vanilla” if they have the following basic characteristics: (1) are granted “at-the-money”; (2) exercisability is conditioned upon service through the vesting date; (3) termination of service prior to vesting results in forfeiture; (4) limited exercise period following termination of service; and (5) are non-transferable and non-hedgeable.

Forfeitures — FASB ASC Topic 718 (“ASC 718”) required forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company estimates forfeitures based on its historical experience.

The weighted-average fair value per share of all options granted during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, was $13.08 and $40.68 per share, respectively.

The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $375,548 and $2,915,970, respectively. The weighted-average remaining amortization period at December 31, 2018 and 2017 for non-vested stock options was 1.2 years and 2.0 years, respectively.

The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $1,864,537 and $3,992,127, respectively.

A summary of stock option activity and of changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:



	Number of Options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016	76,799		$	395.17	$	—	7.7 years
Granted	14,713		$	58.78
Forfeited	(28,893	)	$	448.99
Expired	(243	)	$	341.28
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017	62,376		$	291.10	$	—	7.1 years
Granted	52,791		$	18.69
Forfeited	(31,590	)	$	219.03
Expired	(232	)	$	216.00
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2018	83,345		$	146.09	$	—	7.3 years
Vested and exercisable, December 31, 2018	68,193		$	164.94	$	—	7.0 years

Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, the cash flows resulting from tax deductions in excess of the cumulative compensation cost recognized for options exercised (excess tax benefits) are classified within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Due to Trovagene’s accumulated deficit position, no tax benefits have been recognized in the cash flow statement.

Restricted Stock Units

Under guidance provided by ASC Topic 718 “Compensation—Stock Compensation” for share-based payments, stock-based compensation cost for RSU is measured at the grant date based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date and recognized ratably over the service period through the vesting date. All RSU were granted with no purchase price. Vesting of the RSU is generally subject to service conditions.

A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2016	3,778		$	287.28	$	571,200
Granted	31,241		$	114.12
Vested	(5,174	)	$	249.72
Forfeited	(12,145	)	$	126.00
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2017	17,700		$	103.32	$	391,878
Granted	34,125		$	4.64
Vested	(18,609	)	$	59.06
Forfeited	(3,084	)	$	147.60
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2018	30,132		$	14.36	$	95,005

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested RSU were $228,190 and $689,365, which are expected to be recognized over 1.8 years and 2.9 years, respectively. The total intrinsic values of RSU vested was $295,368 and $647,885 during the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The total fair values of RSU vested during the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $1,099,058 and $1,291,878, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards

During the year ended December 31, 2017, a total of 10,352 shares of RSA were granted, all of which were vested immediately. The total fair value of vested RSA during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $596,314. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the RSA was $57.60 per share during the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no such awards granted during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants

Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”) or ASC Topic 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480-10”), Trovagene determined that certain warrants issued in connection with the execution of certain equity financings must be recorded as derivative liabilities. In accordance with ASC 815-40 and ASC 480-10, the warrants are also being re-measured at each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value, and any resultant change in fair value is being recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated was:



	Year ended December 31
	2018	2017
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock	$3.15 - $25.14	$22.14 - $90.72
Expected warrant term	0 - 5.1 years	1.0 - 5.5 years
Risk-free interest rate	1.76% - 2.92%	1.27% - 2.21%
Expected volatility	47% - 131%	86% - 116%
Dividend yield	—%	—%

Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of Trovagene’s common stock. The warrants have a transferability provision and based on guidance provided in SAB No. 107 for instruments issued with such a provision, Trovagene used the full contractual term as the expected term of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rates consistent with the expected remaining term of the warrants at each balance sheet date.

The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments—warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated.



Date	Description	Number of Warrants		Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2016	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	13,446		$	834,940
	Issuance of derivative financial instruments	64,496		3,215,519
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations	—		(3,401,072		)
December 31, 2017	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	77,942		649,387
	Expiration of Derivative Financial Instruments	(13,446	)	—
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations	—		(617,072		)
December 31, 2018	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	64,496		$	32,315

As of December 31, 2018, 13,446 forbearance warrants were expired and none were expired prior to their expiration. The remaining contractual term of the warrants outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was approximately 4.1 and 4.4 years, respectively.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the total fair value of the above warrants accounted for as derivative financial instruments—warrants, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $32,315 and $649,387, respectively, and is classified as derivative financial instruments—warrants liability on the balance sheet.

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	11,392,093	$	—	$	—	$	11,392,093
Total Assets	$	11,392,093	$	—	$	—	$	11,392,093
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	32,315	$	32,315
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	32,315	$	32,315



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	8,309,964	$	—	$	—	$	8,309,964
Total Assets	$	8,309,964	$	—	$	—	$	8,309,964
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387

(1)Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:



Description	Balance at December 31, 2017		Unrealized (gains) or losses			Balance at December 31, 2018
Derivative financial instruments—Warrants	$	649,387	$	(617,072	)	$	32,315



Description	Balance at December 31, 2016		Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments		Unrealized (gains) or losses			Balance at December 31, 2017
Derivative financial instruments—Warrants	$	834,940	$	3,215,519	$	(3,401,072	)	$	649,387

The change in the fair value of the “derivative financial instruments—warrants” is recorded as a gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, the Company reviews the assets and liabilities that are subject to ASC Topic 815-40 and ASC Topic 480-10. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Debt	12 Months Ended
Debt	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt Equipment Line of Credit In November 2015, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank that provided for cash borrowings for equipment (“Equipment Advances”) of up to $2.0 million, secured by the equipment financed. Under the terms of the agreement, interest is equal to 1.25% above the Prime Rate. Interest only payments are due on borrowings through November 30, 2016, with both interest and principal payments commencing in December 2016. All unpaid principal and interest on each Equipment Advance will be due on November 1, 2019. The Company has an obligation to make a final payment equal to 7% of total amounts borrowed at the loan maturity date. The Company is also subject to certain affirmative and negative covenants under the Equipment Line of Credit. On June 20, 2017, the Company received a Notice of Event of Default (“Default Letter”) from SVB which stated that Events of Default had occurred and SVB will decide in its sole discretion whether or not to exercise rights and remedies. On April 6, 2018, the Company paid approximately $1,100,000 to SVB. This payment repaid the outstanding Equipment Line of Credit loan in full. The Company recorded $25,161 in interest expense related to the Equipment Line of Credit during the year ended December 31, 2018. Loan and Security Agreement In June 2014, the Company entered into a $15,000,000 loan and security agreement (“Loan Agreement”) with two banks pursuant to which the lenders provided the Company with a term loan, which was funded at closing. On July 20, 2016, the Company signed the 5th Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (“Amendment”) to refinance its existing term loan. Under the Amendment, the interest rate was adjusted to 3.75% plus the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate (subject to a floor of 7.25%). The Company is required to make interest only payments on the outstanding amount of the loan on a monthly basis through September 1, 2017, after which equal monthly payments of principal and interest are due until the loan maturity date of February 1, 2020. On June 1, 2017, the Company received a Notice of Event of Default from the lenders which stated that Events of Default had occurred and all of the obligation under the Loan Agreement were immediately due and payable. On June 6, 2017, the lenders took the total pay-off amount of $16,668,583 for the principal, interest, final payment, and other amounts out of the Company’s bank accounts which satisfied all of the Company’s outstanding obligations under the Loan Agreement. Accordingly, the Loan Agreement was terminated in June 2017. Upon termination of the Loan Agreement, the prepayment fee of $450,000, unamortized debt discount of $400,562 and unamortized final fee of $738,196 were recorded as loss on debt extinguishment.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

At December 31, 2018, Trovagene had federal net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of approximately $143.6 million, which, if not used, expire beginning in 2020. Trovagene also has California NOLs of approximately $67.7 million that will begin to expire in 2029. Trovagene also has research and development tax credits available for federal and California purposes of approximately $2.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The federal research and development tax credits will begin to expire on January 31, 2025. The California research and development tax credits are not set to expire. The utilization of these NOLs and research and development tax credits is subject to limitations based on past and future changes in ownership of Trovagene pursuant to Section 382 (“Section 382”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Company has determined that ownership changes have occurred for purposes of Section 382 and, therefore, the ability of the Company to utilize its NOLs is limited.

The provision for income taxes based on losses from continuing operations consists of the following at December 31 (in thousands):



	Years ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Current:
State	$	1		$	1
Total current provision	1			1
Deferred:
Federal	(1,307		)	9,781
State	(2,428		)	3,171
Total deferred (benefit) expense	(3,735		)	12,952
Valuation allowance	3,734			(12,953		)
Total income tax provision	$	—		$	—

Significant components of the Company’s taxes and the rates as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands, except percentages):



	Years ended December 31,
	2018					2017
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate	$	(3,457	)	21	%	$	(8,591	)	34	%
State tax, net of federal tax benefit	(184		)	1	%	(697		)	3	%
Permanent Items	481			(3	)%	(706		)	3	%
Tax credits	(574		)	3	%	(431		)	2	%
Valuation allowance increase (decrease)	3,734			(22	)%	(11,029		)	43	%
Tax rate change	—			—	%	21,454			(85	)%
Provision for income taxes	$	—		—	%	$	—		—	%

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”) was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The TCJA significantly revises the U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, eliminating certain deductions, imposing a mandatory one-time tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, introducing new tax regimes, and changing how foreign earnings are subject to U.S. tax. The TCJA also enhanced and extended through 2026 the option to claim accelerated depreciation deductions on qualified property. Prior to December 22, 2018, the Company completed the determination of the accounting implications of the TCJA on its tax accruals and there were no changes to the provisional amounts previously recorded.

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities from federal and state income taxes as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands):



	Years ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards	$	35,019		$	29,713
Research and development credits and other tax credits	3,595			3,084
Stock-based compensation	1,301			3,565
Other	1,126			945
Total deferred tax assets	41,041			37,307
Valuation allowance	(41,041		)	(37,307		)
Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

Trovagene records a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Due to the substantial doubt related to Trovagene’s ability to utilize its deferred tax assets, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against the deferred tax.

FASB ASC Topic 740-10-30-7, Accounting for Income Taxes had no effect on Trovagene’s financial position, cash flows or results of operations upon adoption, as Trovagene does not have any unrecognized tax benefits. Trovagene’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense, and none have been incurred to date.

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Research and Development and Clinical Trial Agreements

In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Trovagene refers to as onvansertib. Onvansertib is an oral, investigative drug and a highly-selective adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitor of the serine/threonine PLK1. The Company plans to develop onvansertib in patients with leukemias/lymphomas and solid tumor cancers. Upon execution of the agreement, the Company paid $2.0 million in license fees which were expensed to research and development costs. The Company is committed to pay $1.0 million for future services provided by Nerviano, such as the cost to manufacture drug product, no later than June 30, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $458,000 has been paid for services provided. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay royalties based on certain development and sales milestones.

The Company is a party to various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of human diagnostics and oncology therapeutics. License fees are generally calculated as a percentage of product revenues, with rates that vary by agreement. To date, payments have not been material.

Litigation

Trovagene does not believe that it has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which it believes will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

Employment Agreements

The Company has longer-term contractual commitments with various employees. Certain employment agreements provide for severance payments.

Lease Agreements

The Company currently leases approximately 26,100 square feet facilities in San Diego under an operating lease that expires on December 31, 2021 at a monthly rental rate of approximately $68,000. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $731,000 and $663,000, respectively.

The Company is also a party to various non-cancelable operating lease agreements for office equipment.

Total annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:



	Operating Leases		Sublease Income			Net Operating Leases
2019	$	914,540	$	(333,124	)	$	581,416
2020	941,670		—			941,670
2021	968,165		—			968,165
2022	5,868		—			5,868
2023	3,423		—			3,423
Total	$	2,833,666	$	(333,124	)	$	2,500,542

Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering

On March 15, 2017, the Company filed a Form 424B5 to amend and supplement the information in the Company’s registration statement and prospectus, dated June 13, 2016, to offer and sell additional shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price up to $20,698,357. The Company entered into an agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Agent”) on January 25, 2013 to issue and sell up to $30,000,000 of shares of common stock through the Agent. As payment for its services, the Agent is entitled to a 3% commission on gross proceeds. Gross proceeds of $0 and $110,000 have been raised during the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Employee Benefit Plan	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plan	Dec. 31, 2018
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plan	Employee Benefit Plan The Company has a retirement savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Code covering its employees. The plan allows employees to defer, up to the maximum allowed, a percentage of their income on a pre-tax basis through contributions to the plans, plus any employee age 50 and over can participate in the caught-up dollars as allowed by Internal Revenue Service codes. The Company also has a Roth investment plan that is taken after taxes. The Company does not currently make matching contributions.

Restructuring Charges	12 Months Ended
Restructuring Charges	Dec. 31, 2018
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring Charges	Restructuring Charges In May 2018, the Company closed its CLIA laboratory operations in order to streamline the Company’s business model. The loss recognized from disposition of CLIA laboratory was reported as restructuring charges, a component of operating loss, in the consolidated financial statements. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded total restructuring charges of approximately $664,000 for CLIA laboratory disposal transactions, of which, approximately $187,000 was related to impairment loss on CLIA laboratory license, approximately $52,000 was related to loss on disposal of property and equipment and other non-capital assets, and approximately $425,000 was related to loss on sublease of office and laboratory space. In March 2017, the Company announced a strategic restructuring plan in connection with the expansion of precision medicine therapeutics to its business. The restructuring plan included a reduction in force and was completed in the last quarter of 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded total restructuring charges of approximately $2.2 million. Restructuring charges included approximately $1.1 million of costs related to termination of employees, which was net of a $125,000 stock-based compensation expense reversal for certain terminated employees. The remaining restructuring charges of approximately $485,000 were related to impairment of capitalized license fees.

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Dec. 31, 2018
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	Related Party Transactions In November 2018, the Company entered into a MTA with Leucadia pursuant to which Leucadia will develop a PCR-based assay for onvansertib for AML. The cost of the services under the MTA are expected to be up to $575,796. The Company’s CEO, Dr. Thomas Adams, is a principal stockholder of Leucadia. In addition, in connection with the MTA, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Tommy Adams, VP of Operations of Leucadia, who is the son of Dr. Adams. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company incurred and recorded approximately $183,000 of research and development expenses for services performed by Leucadia and Tommy Adams. In March 2016, the Company engaged Rutan & Tucker, LLP, a law firm to represent Trovagene, Inc. with respect to various lawsuits. One of the partners from Rutan & Tucker, LLP, is the son of the Company’s Chairman of the Board. The fees for legal services are based on the hourly rates of the individuals performing the legal services. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company incurred and recorded approximately $650,000 of legal expenses, net of insurance reimbursements, for services performed by Rutan & Tucker, LLP, respectively.

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Dec. 31, 2018
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	Subsequent Events Master Services Agreement On January 25, 2019, the Company entered into a Master Services Agreement and a Stock and Warrant Subscription Agreement with PoC Capital, LLC, whereby PoC has agreed to finance $1,675,000 in clinical studies, including the development costs associated with Phase 1b/2 trial of onvansertib in combination with FOLFIRI and Avastin^® in patients with mCRC harboring KRAS mutation in exchange for (i) 183,334 shares of the Company’s common stock, (ii) 200,000 shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock, each share of which is convertible into 1.67 shares of common stock, and (iii) warrants to purchase of 150,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $3.762, expiring on January 25, 2024. Any clinical costs in excess of the financed amount will be the Company’s responsibility. PoC will not make payments to the Company, but directly to the contract research organization based on the invoices. Stock reverse split The Company made a reverse split of its common stock, $0.0001 par value, at a ratio of 1 for 6, effective February 19, 2019. All share and per share information in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Use of Estimates

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Concentration of Credit Risk

Revenues

Royalty and License Revenues

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Derivative Financial Instruments—Warrants

Stock-Based Compensation

Fair Value of Financial Instruments


•	Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.


•	Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations where inputs are observable or where significant value drivers are observable.


•	Level 3 — Instruments where significant value drivers are unobservable to third parties.

Long-Lived Assets

Impairment Losses on Long-Lived Assets

Research and Development

Net Loss Per Share

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

Shares used in calculating diluted net loss per common share exclude as anti-dilutive the following share equivalents:



	December 31,
	2018	2017
Options to purchase Common Stock	83,345	62,368
Warrants to purchase Common stock	3,649,341	327,160
Restricted Stock Units	30,132	17,699
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock	877	877
	3,763,695	408,104

Summary of the Company’s Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following table summarizes the Company’s diluted net loss per share:



	December 31,
	2018			2017
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(19,254,951	)	$	(24,930,984	)
Net loss used for diluted loss per share	$	(19,254,951	)	$	(24,930,984	)

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net loss per share	2,330,180			481,672
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share	2,330,180			481,672

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(8.26	)	$	(51.76	)
Diluted	$	(8.26	)	$	(51.76	)

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Components of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:



	As of December 31,
	2018			2017
Furniture and office equipment	$	775,030		$	1,076,709
Leasehold improvements	1,962,230			1,994,514
Laboratory equipment	677,234			1,426,581
	3,414,494			4,497,804
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,110,061		)	(2,071,492		)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,304,433		$	2,426,312

Components of Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:



	As of December 31,
	2018		2017
Accrued compensation	$	780,848	$	618,128
Preferred stock dividend	341,015		316,775
Research agreements and clinical trials	319,898		135,139
Director fees	80,008		116,004
Professional fees and outside services	107,006		54,868
Patent, license and other fees	58,398		—
Interest payable	—		59,195
Other accrued liabilities	126,669		154,478
Total accrued liabilities	$	1,813,842	$	1,454,587

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Summary of Warrant Activity and Changes in Warrants Outstanding

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications, is presented below:



	Number of Warrants (1)		Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share (1)		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (1)
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016	76,478		$	275.74	1.6
Granted	272,834		$	40.49
Expired	(26,538	)	$	383.04
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017	322,774		$	68.07	4.4
Granted	3,450,000		$	6.60
Exercised	(74,518	)	$	21.60
Expired	(48,915	)	$	217.17
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2018	3,649,341		$	8.91	4.4

(1)Excluded the pre-funded warrants to purchase 4,399 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.72 per share. The pre-warrants expire when exercised in full.

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of warrants or rights issued. Warrants and rights outstanding are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame. Warrants are often included in a new debt issue to entice investors by a higher return potential. The main difference between warrants and call options is that warrants are issued and guaranteed by the company, whereas options are exchange instruments and are not issued by the company. Also, the lifetime of a warrant is often measured in years, while the lifetime of a typical option is measured in months. Disclose the title of issue of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the aggregate amount of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the date from which the warrants or rights are exercisable, and the price at which the warrant or right is exercisable.

+ References + Details

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-based compensation recognized

Stock-based compensation has been recognized in operating results as follows:



	Years ended December 31,
	2018		2017
In cost of revenue	$	30,488	$	83,713
In research and development expenses	752,127		1,026,497
In selling, general and administrative expenses	1,392,012		3,027,597
Benefit from restructuring	—		(125,222		)
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,174,627	$	4,012,585

Estimated Fair Value of Stock Options - Assumptions

The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions during the years indicated below:



	Years ended December 31,
	2018	2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.42% - 2.93%	1.82% - 2.03%
Dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected volatility (range)	89% - 98%	86% - 117%
Expected volatility (weighted-average)	91%	87%
Expected term (in years)	5.2 years	5.3 years

Summary of Stock Option Activity

A summary of stock option activity and of changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:



	Number of Options		Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016	76,799		$	395.17	$	—	7.7 years
Granted	14,713		$	58.78
Forfeited	(28,893	)	$	448.99
Expired	(243	)	$	341.28
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017	62,376		$	291.10	$	—	7.1 years
Granted	52,791		$	18.69
Forfeited	(31,590	)	$	219.03
Expired	(232	)	$	216.00
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2018	83,345		$	146.09	$	—	7.3 years
Vested and exercisable, December 31, 2018	68,193		$	164.94	$	—	7.0 years

Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity

A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2016	3,778		$	287.28	$	571,200
Granted	31,241		$	114.12
Vested	(5,174	)	$	249.72
Forfeited	(12,145	)	$	126.00
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2017	17,700		$	103.32	$	391,878
Granted	34,125		$	4.64
Vested	(18,609	)	$	59.06
Forfeited	(3,084	)	$	147.60
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2018	30,132		$	14.36	$	95,005

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Tables) - Black Scholes Option Pricing Method

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Derivative financial instruments

Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine the Fair Value of Warrants

The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated was:



	Year ended December 31
	2018	2017
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock	$3.15 - $25.14	$22.14 - $90.72
Expected warrant term	0 - 5.1 years	1.0 - 5.5 years
Risk-free interest rate	1.76% - 2.92%	1.27% - 2.21%
Expected volatility	47% - 131%	86% - 116%
Dividend yield	—%	—%

Schedule of Components of Changes in the Company’s Derivative Financial Instruments Liability Balance



Date	Description	Number of Warrants		Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2016	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	13,446		$	834,940
	Issuance of derivative financial instruments	64,496		3,215,519
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations	—		(3,401,072		)
December 31, 2017	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	77,942		649,387
	Expiration of Derivative Financial Instruments	(13,446	)	—
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations	—		(617,072		)
December 31, 2018	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability	64,496		$	32,315

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Company’s Assets and Liabilities that are Measured and Recognized at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Classified Under the Appropriate Level of the Fair Value Hierarchy



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2018
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	11,392,093	$	—	$	—	$	11,392,093
Total Assets	$	11,392,093	$	—	$	—	$	11,392,093
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	32,315	$	32,315
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	32,315	$	32,315



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	8,309,964	$	—	$	—	$	8,309,964
Total Assets	$	8,309,964	$	—	$	—	$	8,309,964
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387
Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387

(1)Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Schedule of Changes in the Fair Value of the Company’s Level 3 Liabilities

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:



Description	Balance at December 31, 2017		Unrealized (gains) or losses			Balance at December 31, 2018
Derivative financial instruments—Warrants	$	649,387	$	(617,072	)	$	32,315



Description	Balance at December 31, 2016		Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments		Unrealized (gains) or losses			Balance at December 31, 2017
Derivative financial instruments—Warrants	$	834,940	$	3,215,519	$	(3,401,072	)	$	649,387

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Provision for Income Taxes Based on Losses from Continuing Operations

The provision for income taxes based on losses from continuing operations consists of the following at December 31 (in thousands):



	Years ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Current:
State	$	1		$	1
Total current provision	1			1
Deferred:
Federal	(1,307		)	9,781
State	(2,428		)	3,171
Total deferred (benefit) expense	(3,735		)	12,952
Valuation allowance	3,734			(12,953		)
Total income tax provision	$	—		$	—

Schedule of Significant Components of the Company’s Taxes and the Rates

Significant components of the Company’s taxes and the rates as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands, except percentages):



	Years ended December 31,
	2018					2017
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate	$	(3,457	)	21	%	$	(8,591	)	34	%
State tax, net of federal tax benefit	(184		)	1	%	(697		)	3	%
Permanent Items	481			(3	)%	(706		)	3	%
Tax credits	(574		)	3	%	(431		)	2	%
Valuation allowance increase (decrease)	3,734			(22	)%	(11,029		)	43	%
Tax rate change	—			—	%	21,454			(85	)%
Provision for income taxes	$	—		—	%	$	—		—	%

Schedule of Significant Components of the Company’s Deferred Tax Assets

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities from federal and state income taxes as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands):



	Years ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards	$	35,019		$	29,713
Research and development credits and other tax credits	3,595			3,084
Stock-based compensation	1,301			3,565
Other	1,126			945
Total deferred tax assets	41,041			37,307
Valuation allowance	(41,041		)	(37,307		)
Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Annual Commitments Under Current Lease Agreements

Total annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:



	Operating Leases		Sublease Income			Net Operating Leases
2019	$	914,540	$	(333,124	)	$	581,416
2020	941,670		—			941,670
2021	968,165		—			968,165
2022	5,868		—			5,868
2023	3,423		—			3,423
Total	$	2,833,666	$	(333,124	)	$	2,500,542

Business Overview and Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
Business Overview and Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)	Feb. 15, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		$ 1,612,667	$ 0
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)		74,518
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	$ 1,600,000
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)	78,917

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)			12 Months Ended
	Feb. 19, 2019 $ / shares	Jun. 01, 2018 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares	Jan. 01, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Payment terms			Payment terms and conditions vary by contracts, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 45 days after invoice.
Decrease in property and equipment, net			$ (1,304,433)		$ (2,426,312)
Decrease in total assets			(14,172,496)		(12,284,941)
Decrease in total liabilities			$ (4,088,304)		$ (5,778,834)
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Conversion ratio		0.0833
Common Stock \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Conversion ratio	0.1667
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Lease liability				$ 2,503,000
Right-of-use asset				1,970,000
Decrease in deferred rent liability				1,577,000
Decrease in prepaid rent				74,000
Decrease in total assets				926,000
Decrease in total liabilities				926,000
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 \| Leasehold improvements \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Decrease in property and equipment, net				$ 970,000

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Warrants (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$ 32,315	$ 649,387
Warrants to purchase Common stock \| Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$ 32,315	$ 649,387	$ 834,940

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Long-Lived Assets (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Impairment of long-lived assets held-for-use	$ 187,500	$ 104,700
Laboratory equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Furniture and office equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	3 years
Furniture and office equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated useful lives	5 years

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Anti-dilutive Share Equivalents (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	3,763,695	408,104
Options to purchase Common Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	83,345	62,368
Warrants to purchase Common stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	3,649,341	327,160
Restricted Stock Units
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	30,132	17,699
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	877	877

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Diluted Net Loss per Share (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (19,254,951)	$ (24,930,984)
Net loss used for diluted loss per share	$ (19,254,951)	$ (24,930,984)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	2,330,180	481,672
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss (in shares)	2,330,180	481,672
Net loss per common share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (8.26)	$ (51.76)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (8.26)	$ (51.76)

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Recent Accounting Pronouncement (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit	$ (192,191,215)		$ (173,046,186)
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit		$ 109,922
Unbilled receivables		$ 109,922

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 736,088	$ 1,053,913
Property and equipment	3,414,494	4,497,804
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,110,061)	(2,071,492)
Property and equipment, net	1,304,433	2,426,312
Furniture and office equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	775,030	1,076,709
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	1,962,230	1,994,514
Laboratory equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment	$ 677,234	$ 1,426,581

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accrued compensation	$ 780,848	$ 618,128
Preferred stock dividend	341,015	316,775
Research agreements and clinical trials	319,898	135,139
Director fees	80,008	116,004
Professional fees and outside services	107,006	54,868
Patent, license and other fees	58,398	0
Interest payable	0	59,195
Other accrued liabilities	126,669	154,478
Total accrued liabilities	$ 1,813,842	$ 1,454,587

Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 12, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants		$ 13,115,648	$ 11,727,153
Warrants granted (in shares)		3,450,000	272,834
Restricted stock issued (in shares)		0	10,352
RSUs issued during period (shares)		18,609
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)		1,523,333	291,347
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock awards (in shares)		18,609	5,174
Warrants exercised (in shares)		78,917
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)		$ 20.44
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)	1,476,667	1,476,667
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (in shares)		1,476,667
Issuance of common stock for share rounding as a result of reverse stock split (in shares)		1,136
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (in shares)		8,860
Registered Direct Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants			$ 11,600,000
Agent \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued during period including share-based compensation (in shares)		3,098,662	306,873
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants			$ 100,000
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)			1,418
Price per share (in dollars per share)			$ 77.76
Registered Direct Offering \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)			289,929
Registered Direct Offering \| Agent \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)		1,523,333
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			64,495
Private Placement \| Warrants to purchase Common stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			277,233
Private Placement \| Agent \| Warrants to purchase Common stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)		3,450,000
Underwriting Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants	$ 18,000,000	$ 18,000,000
Warrants granted (in shares)	3,450,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 6.60
Underwriting Public Offering \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)	1,523,333
Underwriting Public Offering \| Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)	8,860	8,860

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Warrants
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	322,774	76,478
Granted (in shares)	3,450,000	272,834
Exercised (in shares)	(74,518)
Expired (in shares)	(48,915)	(26,538)
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	3,649,341	322,774	76,478
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 68.07	$ 275.74
Granted (in dollars per share)	6.60	40.49
Exercised (in dollars per share)	21.60
Expired (in dollars per share)	217.17	383.04
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 8.91	$ 68.07	$ 275.74
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term	4 years 5 months 1 day	4 years 4 months 21 days	1 year 7 months 6 days

Stockholders' Equity - Warrants Narrative (Details) - $ / shares		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 12, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)		3,450,000	272,834
Warrants granted (in dollars per share)		$ 6.60	$ 40.49
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			64,495
Warrants granted (in dollars per share)			$ 101.52
Expiration period			5 years
Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in dollars per share)			$ 21.60
Expiration period			5 years
Underwriting Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)	3,450,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 6.60
Expiration period	5 years
Pre-funded Warrant \| Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			4,399
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 0.72
Warrants granted (in dollars per share)			$ 20.88
Warrant \| Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			277,233
Warrant \| Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			208,339

Stockholders' Equity - Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
	Jul. 13, 2006	Mar. 17, 2006	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Accrued dividend during the period			$ 24,240	$ 24,240
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Accumulated Deficit
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Accrued dividend during the period			$ 24,240	$ 24,240
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cumulative dividend rate (as a percent)			4.00%
Accrued cumulative unpaid preferred stock dividends			$ 341,015	$ 316,775
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)			$ 10
Conversion price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 691.20	$ 928.80
Period during which the conversion price is subject to adjustment for dilutive issuances		12 months
Share price for 20 consecutive trading days for automatic conversion	$ 1,857.60
Number of consecutive trading days in which the closing price of the entity's common stock must equal or exceed a specified price in order for the preferred stock to be automatically converted	20 days
Number of common stock shares traded per day during the 20 trading days for the preferred stock to be automatically converted	116
Number of trading days in which the specified volume of common stock must be traded for the preferred stock to be automatically converted	20 days
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)			60,600	60,600

Stockholders' Equity - Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 12, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants			$ 13,115,648	$ 11,727,153
Payments of stock issuance costs	$ 1,800,000		$ 1,833,740	$ 866,039
Warrants granted (in shares)			3,450,000	272,834
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)			$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issuance			$ 2,769,533	$ 0
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Deemed dividend recognized for beneficial conversion features of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock issuance		$ 2,800,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)			0	0
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)			1,523,333	291,347
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 20.44
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)	1,476,667		1,476,667
Underwriting Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants	$ 18,000,000		$ 18,000,000
Warrants granted (in shares)	3,450,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)	$ 6.60
Underwriting Public Offering \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)	1,523,333
Offering price (in dollars per share)	$ 6.00
Underwriting Public Offering \| Common Stock \| Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Offering price (in dollars per share)	$ 6,000
Underwriting Public Offering \| Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)	8,860		8,860
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1,000
Over-Allotment Option
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)	450,000

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 2,174,627	$ 4,012,585
In cost of revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	30,488	83,713
In research and development expenses
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	752,127	1,026,497
In selling, general and administrative expenses
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	1,392,012	3,027,597
Benefit from restructuring
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 0	$ (125,222)

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions Using Black-Scholes for Estimated Fair Value of Stock Options (Details) - Options to purchase Common Stock	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility (weighted-average)	91.00%	87.00%
Expected term (in years)	5 years 2 months 3 days	5 years 3 months 18 days
Minimum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	2.42%	1.82%
Expected volatility (range)	89.00%	86.00%
Maximum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	93.00%	2.03%
Expected volatility (range)	98.00%	117.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Options Activity (Details) - Options to purchase Common Stock - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Options
Beginning balance (in shares)	62,376	76,799
Granted (in shares)	52,791	14,713
Forfeitures (in shares)	(31,590)	(28,893)
Expired (in shares)	(232)	(243)
Ending balance (in shares)	83,345	62,376	76,799
Vested and exercisable (in shares)	68,193
Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding (in dollars per share)	$ 291.10	$ 395.17
Granted (in dollars per share)	18.69	58.78
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	219.03	448.99
Expired (in dollars per share)	216.00	341.28
Outstanding (in dollars per share)	146.09	$ 291.10	$ 395.17
Vested and exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 164.94
Intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Intrinsic value, vested and exercisable	$ 0
Weighted average remaining contract term, outstanding	7 years 4 months 5 days	7 years 1 month 10 days	7 years 7 months 28 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, exercisable	7 years 7 days

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 10, 2015	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	May 30, 2018	Jun. 13, 2017	May 17, 2016	Sep. 17, 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of shares vested		$ 1,864,537	$ 3,992,127
Tax benefits recognized for stock-based compensation		0
Aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs vested		$ 295,368	$ 647,885
Options to purchase Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)		$ 13.08	$ 40.68
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested options		$ 375,548	$ 2,915,970
Period for recognition		1 year 2 months 12 days	1 year 11 months 27 days
Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Period for recognition		1 year 9 months 7 days	2 years 10 months 10 days
Unrecognized compensation related to stock units		$ 228,190	$ 689,365
Fair value of vested awards		$ 1,099,058	$ 1,291,878
Equity Incentive Plan 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized (in shares)	69,444			243,056	131,944	104,066	34,722
Additional shares authorized (in shares)	34,722
Shares available for issuance (in shares)		106,300

Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Shares
Beginning balance (in shares)	17,700	3,778
Granted (in shares)	34,125	31,241
Released (in shares)	(18,609)	(5,174)
Forfeited (in shares)	(3,084)	(12,145)
Ending balance (in shares)	30,132	17,700
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Beginning weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 14.36	$ 103.32
Granted (in dollars per share)	4.64	114.12
Released (in dollars per share)	59.06	249.72
Forfeitures (in dollars per share)	147.60	126.00
Ending weighted average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 103.32	$ 287.28
Intrinsic value, outstanding	$ 95,005	$ 391,878	$ 571,200

Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Awards (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock issued (in shares)	0	10,352
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of vested awards		$ 596,314
Granted (in dollars per share)		$ 57.60

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	322,774	76,478
Warrants granted (in shares)	3,450,000	272,834
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	3,649,341	322,774
Expired (in shares)	(48,915)	(26,538)
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the beginning of the period	$ 649,387
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations	(617,072)	$ (3,401,072)
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 32,315	$ 649,387
Warrants to purchase Common stock
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Weighted average remaining contractual life	4 years 20 days	4 years 4 months 10 days
Warrants to purchase Common stock \| Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Dividend yield (as a percent)	0.00%	0.00%
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	77,942	13,446
Warrants granted (in shares)		64,496
Balance of warrants outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	64,496	77,942
Expired (in shares)	(13,446)
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the beginning of the period	$ 649,387	$ 834,940
Expiration of Derivative Financial Instruments		3,215,519
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations	(617,072)	(3,401,072)
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 32,315	$ 649,387
Warrants to purchase Common stock \| Black Scholes Option Pricing Method \| Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 3.15	$ 22.14
Expected warrant term	0 years	1 year
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	1.76%	1.27%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	47.00%	86.00%
Warrants to purchase Common stock \| Black Scholes Option Pricing Method \| Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 25.14	$ 90.72
Expected warrant term	5 years 20 days	5 years 6 months
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	2.92%	2.20%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	131.00%	116.00%

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$ 32,315	$ 649,387
Recurring basis \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Money market fund	11,392,093	8,309,964
Total Assets	11,392,093	8,309,964
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	32,315	649,387
Total Liabilities	32,315	649,387
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Money market fund	11,392,093	8,309,964
Total Assets	11,392,093	8,309,964
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0
Total Assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0
Total Assets	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	32,315	649,387
Total Liabilities	$ 32,315	$ 649,387

Fair Value Measurements - Changes in fair value (Details) - Warrants to purchase Common stock - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 649,387	$ 834,940
Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments		3,215,519
Unrealized (gains) or losses	(617,072)	(3,401,072)
Balance at the end of the period	$ 32,315	$ 649,387

Debt - Equipment Line of Credit (Details) - Line of Credit - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 06, 2018	Nov. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2018
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity for line of credit		$ 2,000,000
Repayment of total amounts borrowed as a percent		7.00%
Repayments of Debt	$ 1,100,000
Interest expenses recorded			$ 25,161
Prime Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest rate above reference rate		1.25%

Debt - Loan and Security Agreement (Details)			1 Months Ended
Debt - Loan and Security Agreement (Details)	Jun. 06, 2017 USD ($)	Jul. 20, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2014 USD ($) intangible_asset
Secured Debt
Debt
Payment for debt extinguishment	$ 16,668,583
Prepayment fee			$ 450,000
Less discount			400,562
Unamortized portion of final fee upon repayment			$ 738,196
Loan and Security Agreement \| Secured Debt
Debt
Face value of term loan					$ 15,000,000
Number of banks with which agreement is entered \| intangible_asset					2
Loan and Security Agreement \| Secured Debt \| Minimum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)		7.25%
Prime Rate \| Loan and Security Agreement
Debt
Interest rate above reference rate				1.25%
Prime Rate \| Loan and Security Agreement \| Secured Debt
Debt
Interest rate above reference rate		3.75%

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
Interest and/or penalties incurred	$ 0
Federal
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
NOLs	143,600,000
California Franchise Tax Board
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
NOLs	67,700,000
R&D credits \| Federal
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
Tax credits	2,300,000
R&D credits \| California Franchise Tax Board
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
Tax credits	$ 1,700,000

Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current:
State		$ 1	$ 1
Total current provision		1	$ 1
Deferred:
Federal	$ (1,307)	9,781
State	(2,428)	3,171
Total deferred (benefit) expense	(3,735)	12,952
Valuation allowance	3,734	(12,953)
Total income tax provision	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Significant Components of Company's Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate	$ (3,457)	$ (8,591)
State tax, net of federal tax benefit	(184)	(697)
Permanent Items	481	(706)
Tax credits	(574)	(431)
Valuation allowance increase (decrease)	3,734	(11,029)
Tax rate change	0	21,454
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 0
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate	21.00%	34.00%
State tax, net of federal tax benefit	1.00%	3.00%
Permanent Items	(3.00%)	3.00%
Tax credits	3.00%	2.00%
Valuation allowance increase (decrease)	(22.00%)	43.00%
Tax rate change	0.00%	(85.00%)
Provision for income taxes	0.00%	0.00%

Income Taxes - Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards	$ 35,019	$ 29,713
Research and development credits and other tax credits	3,595	3,084
Stock-based compensation	1,301	3,565
Other	1,126	945
Total deferred tax assets	41,041	37,307
Valuation allowance	(41,041)	(37,307)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 0	$ 0

Commitments and Contingencies - Research and Development and Clinical Trial Agreements (Details) - Norviano - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Licensing and distribution rights commitment		$ 1,000
Licensing Agreements
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Research and development expense	$ 2,000
In research and development expenses \| Research and Development Arrangement
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Research and development expense		$ 458

Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Agreements (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Square footage of leased space \| ft²	26,100
Monthly lease rent	$ 68
Rent expense	$ 731	$ 663

Commitments and Contingencies - Non-Cancelable Lease Agreements (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Operating Leases
2019	$ 914,540
2020	941,670
2021	968,165
2022	5,868
2023	3,423
Total	2,833,666
Sublease Income
2019	(333,124)
2020	0
2021	0
2022	0
2023	0
Total	(333,124)
Net Operating Leases
2019	581,416
2020	941,670
2021	968,165
2022	5,868
2023	3,423
Total	$ 2,500,542

Commitments and Contingencies - Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering and Database Usage (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 25, 2013	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 15, 2017
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock		$ 0	$ 100,000
Maximum \| Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate initial offering price				$ 20,698,357
Selling Agents \| Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Commission as a percentage of gross proceeds	3.00%
Selling Agents \| Maximum \| Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate initial offering price	$ 30,000,000

Employee Benefit Plan (Details)	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plan (Details)	Dec. 31, 2018
Defined Contribution Plan
Threshold age to be eligible to make catch-up contributions to the plan per IRS code	50 years

Restructuring Charges (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Restructuring Charges (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	$ 664,686	$ 2,174,251
Loss on disposal of property	52,000
Allocated stock-based compensation	(2,174,627)	(4,012,585)
Impaired Long-Lived Assets
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	187,000	485,000
Loss on Sublease
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	$ 425,000
Employee Severance
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges		1,100,000
Allocated stock-based compensation		$ 125,000

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 15, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Related party committed expenditures	$ 576,000
Other Affiliates
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Research and development expense		$ 183,000
Legal fees			$ 650,000

Subsequent Events (Details)				12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events (Details)	Feb. 19, 2019 $ / shares	Jan. 25, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 01, 2018 $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares shares	Jun. 12, 2018 shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)				3,450,000	272,834
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Private Placement
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)					64,495
Private Placement \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Amount financed under agreement \| $		$ 1,675,000
Warrants granted (in shares)		150,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 3.762
Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)				1,523,333	291,347
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)				1,476,667		1,476,667
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares				$ 20.44
Conversion ratio			0.0833
Common Stock \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Conversion ratio	0.1667
Common Stock \| Private Placement \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)		183,334
Series C Convertible Preferred Stock \| Private Placement \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Sale of stock, net of expenses (in shares)		200,000
Shares issued upon conversion (in shares)		1.67