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Document and Entity Information	3 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information	Mar. 31, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	S-1/A
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2018
Trading Symbol	TROV
Entity Registrant Name	Trovagene, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001213037
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 6,657,158	$ 8,225,764	$ 13,915,094
Short-term investments		0	23,978,022
Accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	114,343	77,095	100,460
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,068,144	1,165,828	956,616
Total current assets	7,839,645	9,468,687	38,950,192
Property and equipment, net	2,223,597	2,426,312	3,826,915
Other assets	345,277	389,942	1,173,304
Total Assets	10,408,519	12,284,941	43,950,411
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	651,671	825,244	1,130,536
Accrued expenses	1,685,178	1,454,587	4,021,365
Deferred rent	341,924	334,424	285,246
Current portion of long-term debt	1,174,989	1,331,515	2,360,109
Total current liabilities	3,853,762	3,945,770	7,797,256
Long-term debt, less current portion		0	14,176,359
Derivative financial instruments-warrants	779,076	649,387	834,940
Deferred rent, net of current portion	1,096,591	1,183,677	1,373,717
Total Liabilities	5,729,429	5,778,834	24,182,272
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock	60	60	60
Common stock	5,883	5,279	3,070
Additional paid-in capital	182,401,648	179,546,954	167,890,984
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		0	(10,773)
Accumulated deficit	(177,728,501)	(173,046,186)	(148,115,202)
Total Stockholders' Equity	4,679,090	6,506,107	19,768,139
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$ 10,408,519	$ 12,284,941	$ 43,950,411

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000	20,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	60,600	60,600	60,600
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, liquidation preference	$ 606,000	$ 606,000	$ 606,000
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	150,000,000	150,000,000	150,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	4,902,747	4,399,299	2,558,066
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	4,902,747	4,399,299	2,558,066

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Statement [Abstract]
Royalties	$ 49,055	$ 65,826	$ 285,444	$ 258,062
Diagnostic services	40,002	28,862	196,111	86,137
Clinical research	11,079	350	23,849	36,873
Total revenues	100,136	95,038	505,404	381,072
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues	366,344	616,426	1,811,424	1,730,512
Research and development	1,883,838	4,279,830	7,882,650	15,006,642
Selling and marketing			2,735,410	11,523,144
Selling, general and administrative	2,504,977	3,604,624
General and administrative			11,497,466	11,475,947
Restructuring charges	0	1,719,804	2,174,251	790,438
Total operating expenses	4,755,159	10,220,684	26,101,201	40,526,683
Loss from operations	(4,655,023)	(10,125,646)	(25,595,797)	(40,145,611)
Interest income			147,883	298,829
Net interest expense	(2,465)	(429,397)
Interest expense			(1,033,939)	(1,674,341)
Other income (loss), net	1,000	0	(170,138)	(144,733)
Loss on extinguishment of debt			(1,655,825)	0
(Loss) gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments-warrants	(129,689)	555,506	3,401,072	2,462,137
Net loss	(4,786,177)	(9,999,537)	(24,906,744)	(39,203,719)
Preferred stock dividend	(6,060)	(6,060)	(24,240)	(24,240)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (4,792,237)	$ (10,005,597)	$ (24,930,984)	$ (39,227,959)
Net loss per common share - basic (in USD per share)	$ (1.04)	$ (3.88)	$ (8.63)	$ (15.60)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in USD per share)	$ (1.04)	$ (3.88)	$ (8.63)	$ (15.55)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	4,613,704	2,580,085	2,890,031	2,514,570
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	4,613,704	2,580,085	2,890,031	2,523,439

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (4,786,177)	$ (9,999,537)	$ (24,906,744)	$ (39,203,719)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation loss or reversal of previous loss	0	(2,399)	1,708	(1,708)
Unrealized gain or reversal of previous loss on securities available-for-sale	0	(454)	9,065	(9,065)
Total other comprehensive loss	0	(2,853)	10,773	(10,773)
Total comprehensive loss	(4,786,177)	(10,002,390)	(24,895,971)	(39,214,492)
Preferred stock dividend	(6,060)	(6,060)	(24,240)	(24,240)
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (4,792,237)	$ (10,008,450)	$ (24,920,211)	$ (39,238,732)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Accumulated Deficit
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015		60,600	2,478,134
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 48,701,289	$ 60	$ 2,974	$ 157,585,498	$ 0	$ (108,887,243)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Sale of common stock, net of expenses (in shares)			35,151
Sale of common stock, net of expenses	2,285,415		$ 42	2,285,373
Stock-based compensation	7,504,316			7,504,316
Issuance of warrant in connection with debt agreement	148,885			148,885
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of stock option (in shares)			28,444
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of stock options			$ 34	(34)
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)			8,200
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	366,966		$ 10	366,956
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant (in shares)			221
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	0		$ 0	0
Issuance of common stock upon releases of restricted stock units (in shares)			7,916
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units			$ 10	(10)
Reversal of previous loss from foreign currency translation	(1,708)				(1,708)
Reversal of previous loss on securities available-for-sale	(9,065)				(9,065)
Preferred stock dividend	(24,240)					(24,240)
Net loss	(39,203,719)					(39,203,719)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		60,600	2,558,066
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	19,768,139	$ 60	$ 3,070	167,890,984	(10,773)	(148,115,202)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Sale of common stock, net of expenses (in shares)			1,748,076
Sale of common stock, net of expenses	10,861,113		$ 2,097	10,859,016
Stock-based compensation	4,012,585			4,012,585
Derivative liability-fair value of warrants issued	(3,215,519)			(3,215,519)
Issuance of common stock upon releases of restricted stock units (in shares)			31,041
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units			$ 37	(37)
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock awards (in shares)			62,116
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock awards			$ 75	(75)
Reversal of previous loss from foreign currency translation	1,708				1,708
Reversal of previous loss on securities available-for-sale	9,065				9,065
Preferred stock dividend	(24,240)					(24,240)
Net loss	(24,906,744)					(24,906,744)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		60,600	4,399,299
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	6,506,107	$ 60	$ 5,279	179,546,954	$ 0	(173,046,186)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Sale of common stock, net of expenses (in shares)			503,448
Stock-based compensation	1,406,131			1,406,131
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants (in share)			428,056
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants	1,449,167
Stock Issued During Period Value Warrants Exercised			$ 514	1,448,653
Issuance of common stock upon releases of restricted stock units (in shares)			75,392
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units			$ 90	(90)
Reversal of previous loss from foreign currency translation	0
Reversal of previous loss on securities available-for-sale	0
Preferred stock dividend	(6,060)					(6,060)
Cumulative adjustment upon adoption of ASC 606	109,922					109,922
Net loss	(4,786,177)					(4,786,177)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		60,600	4,902,747
Balance at Mar. 31, 2018	$ 4,679,090	$ 60	$ 5,883	$ 182,401,648		$ (177,728,501)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (4,786,177)	$ (9,999,537)	$ (24,906,744)	$ (39,203,719)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Loss on disposal of assets			455,051	577,314
Impairment loss	0	485,000	589,700	0
Depreciation and amortization	252,480	330,968	1,247,576	1,069,547
Stock based compensation expense	1,406,131	920,799	4,012,585	7,504,316
Loss on extinguishment of debt			1,655,825	0
Accretion of final fee premium	0	125,012	293,614	390,548
Amortization of discount on debt	0	68,223	113,780	173,803
Net realized loss on short-term investments			6,400	0
Amortization of premiums on short-term investments	0	10,877	9,230	107,261
Deferred rent	(79,586)	(66,119)	(140,863)	(201,037)
Interest income accrued on short-term investments	0	151,583	(90,330)	(84,182)
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments-warrants	129,689	(555,506)	(3,401,072)	(2,462,137)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in other assets			0	(789,739)
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable and unbilled receivable	72,674	20,112	23,365	(1,724)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets	97,684	110,957	(208,185)	(277,327)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses	50,958	(360,577)	(2,940,999)	2,157,221
Net cash used in operating activities	(2,856,147)	(8,758,208)	(23,281,067)	(31,039,855)
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures, net	(5,100)	(11,452)	(101,101)	(823,483)
Proceeds from disposals of capital equipment			1,540	0
Maturities of short-term investments	0	14,000,000	16,431,837	13,750,000
Purchases of short-term investments	0	(8,804,604)	(8,804,604)	(37,760,166)
Sales of short-term investments			16,434,553	0
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(5,100)	5,183,944	23,962,225	(24,833,649)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants			11,727,153	2,364,801
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	1,449,167	0
Payments of stock issuance costs			(866,039)	(79,386)
Proceeds from exercise of options			0	366,966
Borrowings under equipment line of credit			0	792,251
Repayments of equipment line of credit	(156,526)	(156,526)	(626,104)	(52,175)
Proceeds from borrowings under long-term debt, net of costs			0	7,805,085
Payment upon debt extinguishment			(1,613,067)	0
Repayments of long-term debt			(15,000,000)	(8,896,166)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	1,292,641	(156,526)	(6,378,057)	2,301,376
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	0	(844)	7,569	(5,825)
Net change in cash and equivalents	(1,568,606)	(3,731,634)	(5,689,330)	(53,577,953)
Cash and cash equivalents-Beginning of period	8,225,764	13,915,094	13,915,094	67,493,047
Cash and cash equivalents-End of period	6,657,158	10,183,460	8,225,764	13,915,094
Supplementary disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for taxes			800	4,560
Cash paid for interest	16,417	300,040	668,465	1,103,677
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Warrants issued in connection with long-term debt			0	148,885
Preferred stock dividends accrued	$ 6,060	$ 6,060	24,240	24,240
Leasehold improvements paid for by lessor			$ 0	$ 1,860,000

Organization and Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Basis of Presentation

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Business Organization and Overview

Trovagene, Inc. (“Trovagene” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage, oncology therapeutics company. The Company’s primary focus is to develop oncology therapeutics for the treatment of hematologic and solid tumor cancers for improved cancer care, utilizing its proprietary technology in tumor genomics.

Trovagene’s lead drug candidate, PCM-075, is a Polo-like Kinase 1 (“PLK1”) highly-selective adenosine triphosphate (“ATP”) competitive inhibitor. PCM-075 has shown preclinical antitumor activity as a single agent and synergy in combination with more than ten different chemotherapeutics, including cisplatin, cytarabine, doxorubicin, gemcitabine and paclitaxel, as well as targeted therapies, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga^®), histone deacetylase (“HDAC”) inhibitors, such as belinostat (Beleodaq^®), Quizartinib (AC220), a development stage FLT3 inhibitor, and bortezomib (Velcade^®). These therapeutics are used clinically for the treatment of many hematologic and solid tumor cancers, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia (“AML”), Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (“NHL”), metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (“mCRPC”), Adrenocortical Carcinoma (“ACC”), and Triple Negative Breast Cancer (“TNBC”).

PCM-075 was developed to have high selectivity to PLK1 (at low nanomolar IC₅₀ levels), to be administered orally, and to have a relatively short drug half-life of approximately 24 hours compared to other pan PLK inhibitors. A safety study of PCM-075 has been successfully completed in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors and published in 2017 in Investigational New Drugs. The Company has two active Investigational New Drug (“INDs”) applications in place with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for PCM-075, allowing the Company to pursue clinical development in hematologic malignancies and solid tumor cancers. Trovagene is currently enrolling a Phase 1b/2 open-label clinical trial of PCM-075 in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy in patients with AML. The Phase 1b/2 clinical trial is led by Hematologist Jorge Eduardo Cortes, M.D., Deputy Department Chair, Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. In addition, the Company is working with Dr. David Einstein at the Genitourinary Oncology Program at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School as the principal investigator on a Phase 2 open-label clinical trial of PCM-075 in combination with abiraterone acetate (Zytiga^®) and prednisone in patients with mCRPC with plans to enroll patients later this year.

Trovagene’s intellectual property and proprietary technology enables the Company to analyze circulating tumor DNA (“ctDNA”) and clinically actionable markers to identify patients most likely to respond to specific cancer therapies. The Company plans to continue to vertically integrate its tumor genomics technology with the development of targeted cancer therapeutics.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Trovagene, which include all accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary, Trovagene, Srl (dissolved in October 2017), have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed balance sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The operating results presented in these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2018.

The Company made a reverse split of its common stock, $0.0001 par value, at a ratio of 1 for 12, effective June 1, 2018. All share and per share information in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Liquidity

Trovagene’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018 have been prepared under the assumption that Trovagene will continue as a going concern, which assumes that the Company will realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of the uncertainty concerning the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. Considering the Company’s current cash resources, management believes the Company’s existing resources will be sufficient to fund the Company’s planned operations through July 2018. On April 6, 2018, the Company paid off the outstanding Loan and Security Agreement (“Equipment Line of Credit”) entered in November 2015 to Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Based on its current business plan and assumptions, the Company expects to continue to incur significant losses and require significant additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company has based its cash sufficiency estimates on its current business plan and its assumptions that may prove to be wrong. The Company could utilize its available capital resources sooner than it currently expects, and it could need additional funding to sustain its operations even sooner than currently anticipated. These circumstances raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. For the foreseeable future, the Company’s ability to continue its operations is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional capital.

If the Company is unable to raise additional capital when required or on acceptable terms, it may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development and/or commercialization of one or more of its product candidates, all of which would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s operations. The Company may also be required to:

•

Seek collaborators for product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; and

•

Relinquish licenses or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that the Company would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize themselves, on unfavorable terms.

The Company is evaluating all options to raise additional capital as well as reduce costs, in an effort to strengthen its liquidity position, which may include the following:

•

Raising capital through public and private equity offerings;

•

Introducing operation and business development initiatives to bring in new revenue streams;

•

Reducing operating costs by identifying internal synergies; and

•

Engaging in strategic partnerships.

As of April 30, 2018, the Company has received approximately $1.6 million upon exercise of 473,473 warrants in connection with the December 2017 public offering. The Company continually assesses its spending plans to effectively and efficiently address its liquidity needs.

NASDAQ Notice

On September 5, 2017, the Company received a written notice from the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“NASDAQ”) that it was not in compliance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market, as the minimum bid price of the Company’s common stock had been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. In accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company has a period of 180 calendar days, or until March 5, 2018, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement.

On March 6, 2018, the NASDAQ Capital Market informed the Company that it is eligible for an additional 180 calendar day period until September 4, 2018 to regain compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price per share requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Company’s common stock must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for at least ten consecutive business days during this 180 calendar day period.

1. Business Overview and Going Concerns

Business Organization and Overview

Trovagene, Inc. (“Trovagene” or the “Company”) headquartered in San Diego, California, is a clinical-stage, precision medicine oncology therapeutics company. The Company’s primary focus is to develop oncology therapeutics for improved cancer care and to optimize drug development by leveraging its proprietary Precision Cancer Monitoring^® (“PCM”) technology in tumor genomics.

Trovagene’s lead drug candidate, PCM-075, is a Polo-like Kinase 1 (“PLK1”) selective adenosine triphosphate (“ATP”) competitive inhibitor. PCM-075 has shown preclinical antitumor activity as a single agent and synergy in combination with more than ten different chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies, such as Zytiga^® (abiraterone acetate), Beleodaq^® (belinostat), Quizartinib (AC220), a development stage FLT3 inhibitor, and Velcade^® (bortezomib) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (“AML”), metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (“mCRPC”) and other hematologic and solid tumor cancers.

PCM-075 was developed to have high selectivity to PLK1, to be administered orally, and to have a relatively short drug half-life of approximately 24 hours compared to other PLK inhibitors. PCM-075 has completed a safety study in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors, has a phase 1b/2 clinical trial in patients with AML underway, and a Phase 2 clinical trial in mCRPC planned.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Trovagene, which include its wholly owned subsidiary, Trovagene S.r.l., have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The Company made a reverse split of its common stock, $0.0001 par value, at a ratio of 1 for 12, effective June 1, 2018. All share and per share information in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split for all periods presented.

Going Concern Uncertainty

Trovagene’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 have been prepared under the assumption that Trovagene will continue as a going concern, which assumes that the Company will realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of the uncertainty concerning the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company has incurred net losses since its inception and has negative operating cash flows. Considering the Company’s current cash resources, including the net proceeds received from the offerings of its equity securities in July and December 2017, management believes the Company’s existing resources will be sufficient to fund the Company’s planned operations through June 2018. The Company also received a default letter from Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) regarding the Loan and Security Agreement entered in November 2015 which stated that events of default had occurred and SVB will decide in its sole discretion whether or not to exercise rights and remedies. Based on its current business plan and assumptions, the Company expects to continue to incur significant losses and require significant additional capital to further advance its clinical trial programs and support its other operations. The Company has based its cash sufficiency estimates on its current business plan and its assumptions that may prove to be wrong. The Company could utilize its available capital resources sooner than it currently expects, and it could need additional funding to sustain its operations even sooner than currently anticipated. These circumstances raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. For the foreseeable future, the Company’s ability to continue its operations is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional capital.

The Company cannot be certain that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. To the extent that the Company can raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the Company’s stockholders may experience significant dilution. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that impact the Company’s ability to conduct its business.

•

Seek collaborators for product candidates at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and on terms that are less favorable than might otherwise be available; and

•

Relinquish licenses or otherwise dispose of rights to technologies, product candidates or products that the Company would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize themselves, on unfavorable terms.

The Company is evaluating the following options to both raise additional capital as well as reduce costs, in an effort to strengthen its liquidity position:

•

Raising capital through public and private equity offerings;

•

Adding capital through short-term and long-term borrowings;

•

Introducing operation and business development initiatives to bring in new revenue streams;

•

Reducing operating costs by identifying internal synergies;

•

Engaging in strategic partnerships; and

•

Taking actions to reduce or delay capital expenditures.

As of February 20, 2018, the Company has received approximately $452,000 upon exercise of 151,181 warrants in connection with the December 2017 public offering. The Company continually assesses its spending plans to effectively and efficiently address its liquidity needs.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, except as described below.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when control of its products and services is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive from its customers in exchange for those products and services. This process involves identifying the contract with a customer, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the contract price, allocating the contract price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and is separately identified in the contract. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of a good or service to the customer, meaning the customer has the ability to use and obtain the benefit of the good or service. The Company recognizes revenue for satisfied performance obligations only when it determines there are no uncertainties regarding payment terms or transfer of control. For sales-based royalties, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).

Royalty and License Revenues

The Company licenses and sublicenses its patent rights to healthcare companies, medical laboratories and biotechnology partners. These agreements may involve multiple elements such as license fees, royalties and milestone payments. Revenue is recognized when the criteria described above have been met as well as the following:

•

Up-front nonrefundable license fees pursuant to agreements under which the Company has no continuing performance obligations are recognized as revenues on the effective date of the agreement and when collection is reasonably assured.

•

Minimum royalties are recognized as earned, and royalties are earned based on the licensee’s use. The Company estimates and records licensee’s sales based on historical usage rate and collectability.

Diagnostic Service Revenues

Revenue for clinical laboratory tests may come from several sources, including commercial third-party payors, such as insurance companies and health maintenance organizations, government payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid in the United States, patient self-pay and, in some cases, from hospitals or referring laboratories who, in turn, might bill third-party payors for testing. This revenue stream does not meet the criteria for contracts with a customer under ASC 606 because it is not probable that the Company will collect substantially all the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods and services transferred, nor can it reliably determine the expected transaction price. Therefore, the Company is recognizing diagnostic service revenue on the cash collection basis until such time as it is able to properly estimate collections on third party reimbursements.

Clinical Research Revenue

Revenue from clinical research consists of revenue from the sale of urine and blood collection supplies and tests performed under agreements with our clinical research and business development partners. Revenue is recognized when supplies and/or test results are delivered, which is when control of the product is deemed to be transferred.

Refer to Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented in conformity with ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, for all periods presented. In accordance with this guidance, basic net loss per common share was determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in income available to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding for the period. Common share equivalents are only included when their effect is dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Numerator: Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(4,792,237	)	$	(10,005,597	)
Adjustment for gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants		—			—

Net loss used for diluted loss per share	$	(4,792,237	)	$	(10,005,597	)

Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic loss per share		4,613,704			2,580,085
Adjustments to reflect assumed exercise of warrants		—			—

Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share		4,613,704			2,580,085

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(1.04	)	$	(3.88	)

Diluted	$	(1.04	)	$	(3.88	)

The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:


	March 31,
	2018		2017
Options to purchase Common Stock		632,359		390,586
Warrants to purchase Common Stock		1,534,905		458,826
Restricted Stock Units		30,800		81,416
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		5,261		5,261

		2,203,325		936,089

Change in Accounting Principle

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which includes amendments that clarify how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 also provides guidance clarifying when an entity should separate cash receipts and cash payments and classify them into more than one class of cash flows. The Company adopted ASU 2016-15 as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 had no material impact on its consolidated statements of cash flows.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). The new standard is based on the principle that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Since its initial release, the FASB has issued several amendments to the standard, which include clarification of accounting guidance related to identification of performance obligations, intellectual property licenses, and principle versus agent considerations. ASU 2014-09 and all subsequent amendments (collectively, “ASC 606”) became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. Refer to Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for most leases. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The new standard will impact the Company’s accounting for its office leases and the Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of operating and money market accounts as of December 31, 2017 and operating, money market accounts and commercial paper as of December 31, 2016 on deposit. Cash equivalents are considered by the Company to be highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase.

Short-Term Investments

Short-term investments consist of corporate debt securities, U.S. treasury securities, and commercial paper. The Company classifies its short-term investments as available-for-sale, as the sale of such securities may be required prior to maturity to execute management strategies. Investments classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of consolidated accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity until realized. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities, if any, are determined on a specific identification basis. A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is determined to be other than temporary will result in an impairment charge to earnings and a new cost basis for the security is established. No such impairment charges were recorded for any period presented. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related security as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line method and included in interest income. Interest income is recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses on investments in securities were included in other income (loss) within the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2017, all of the short-term investments have been sold to satisfy the Company’s outstanding obligations under the Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 30, 2014 upon demanding repayment by the lenders. As a result, the Company recognized net realized loss of approximately $6,400 for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The Company maintains deposit accounts at financial institutions that are in excess of federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant risk on its cash due to the financial position of the depository institution in which those deposits are held. We limit our exposure to credit loss by generally placing our cash and short-term investments in high credit quality financial institutions and investment in fixed income instruments denominated and payable in U.S. dollars. Additionally, we have established guidelines regarding diversification of our investments and their maturities, which are designed to maintain principal and maximize liquidity.

Revenues

Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured.

Royalty and License Revenues

•

Minimum royalties are recognized as earned, and royalties are earned based on the licensee’s use. The Company is unable to predict licensee’s sales and thus revenue is recognized upon receipt of notification from licensee and payment when collection is assured. Notification is generally one quarter in arrears.

Diagnostic Service Revenues

Clinical Research Services Revenue

Revenue from clinical research services consists primarily of revenue from the sale of urine and blood collection supplies under agreements with our clinical research and business development partners. Revenue is recognized when supplies are delivered.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company reviews the collectability of accounts receivable based on an assessment of historic experience, current economic conditions, and other collection indicators. At December 31, 2017 and 2016 the Company had not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts. When accounts are determined to be uncollectible, they are written off against the reserve balance and the reserve is reassessed. When payments are received on reserved accounts, they are applied to the individual’s account and the reserve is reassessed.

Derivative Financial Instruments—Warrants

The Company has issued common stock warrants in connection with the execution of certain equity financings. Such warrants are classified as derivative liabilities under the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 815 Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”) or ASC 480 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) are recorded at their fair market value as of each reporting period. Such warrants do not meet the exemption that a contract should not be considered a derivative instrument if it is (1) indexed to its own stock and (2) classified in stockholders’ equity. The warrants within the scope of ASC 480 contain a feature that could require the transfer of cash in the event a change of control occurs without an authorization of our Board of Directors, and therefore classified as a liability. Changes in fair value of derivative liabilities are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations under the caption “Change in fair value of derivative instruments.”

The fair value of warrants is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model using assumptions regarding the volatility of Trovagene’s common stock price, the remaining life of the warrants, and the risk-free interest rates at each period end. The Company thus uses model-derived valuations where inputs are observable in active markets to determine the fair value and accordingly classifies such warrants in Level 3 per FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”). At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of these warrants was $649,387 and $834,940, respectively, and was recorded as a liability under the caption “derivative financial instruments—warrants” on the consolidated balance sheets.

Stock-Based Compensation

FASB ASC Topic 718 “Compensation—Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”) requires companies to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the estimated fair value of the award at the date of grant. The expense is recognized ratably over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. ASC 718 did not change the way Trovagene accounts for non-employee stock-based compensation. Trovagene continues to account for shares of common stock, stock options and warrants issued to non-employees based on the fair value of the stock, stock option or warrant, if that value is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the consideration or services received. The Company accounts for stock options issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505-50 “Equity-Based Payment to Non-Employees”, and, accordingly, the value of the stock compensation to non-employees is based upon the measurement date as determined at either (1) the date at which a performance commitment is reached, or (2) the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Therefore, the fair value of these options is being “marked to market” quarterly until the measurement date is determined.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, debt and derivative liabilities. The Company has adopted ASC 820 for financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value and non-financial assets and liabilities that are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These financial instruments are stated at their respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value due to their short term nature as they reflect current market interest rates. Debt is stated at its respective historical carrying amounts, which approximate fair value as they reflect current market interest rates.

In accordance with FASB ASC Subtopic 820-10, the Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis using the three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The three tiers include:

•

Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

•

Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations where inputs are observable or where significant value drivers are observable.

•

Level 3 — Instruments where significant value drivers are unobservable to third parties.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets. The Company records property and equipment at cost, and records other intangible assets based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimate useful life of five years for laboratory equipment and three to five years for furniture and office equipment. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed based on the shorter of the life of the asset or the term of the lease. Amortization of intangible assets is calculated using the straight line method over the estimate useful life of the assets, based on when the Company expect to receive cash inflows generated by the intangible assets.

Impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations are recorded when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets carrying amount. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $104,700 of impairment loss on long-lived intangible assets. No impairment losses were recorded on long-lived assets to be held and used during the year ended December 31, 2016.

Restructuring

Restructuring costs are included in loss from operations in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has accounted for these costs in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations. One-time termination benefits are recorded at the time they are communicated to the affected employees. In March 2017, the Company announced a restructuring plan which was completed as of December 31, 2017. See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial statement and tax bases of Trovagene’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The assessment of whether or not a valuation allowance is required often requires significant judgment.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, Trovagene is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, stockholder lawsuits, product and environmental liability, and tax matters. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, Accounting for Contingencies, Trovagene records such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Trovagene, in accordance with this guidance, does not recognize gain contingencies until realized.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue represents the cost of materials, personnel costs, costs associated with processing specimens including pathological review, quality control analyses, and delivery charges necessary to render an individualized test result. Costs associated with performing tests are recorded as the tests are processed. However, the revenue on diagnostic services is recognized on a cash collection basis resulting in costs incurred before the collection of related revenue.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses, which include expenditures in connection with an in-house research and development laboratory, salaries and staff costs, purchased in-process research and development and regulatory and scientific consulting fees, as well as contract research and insurance, are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 730-10-55-2, Research and Development. Also, as prescribed by this guidance, patent filing and maintenance expenses are considered legal in nature and therefore classified as general and administrative expense, if any.

While certain of the Company’s research and development costs may have future benefits, the Company’s policy of expensing all research and development expenditures is predicated on the fact that Trovagene has no history of successful commercialization of molecular diagnostic products to base any estimate of the number of future periods that would be benefited.

FASB ASC Topic 730, Research and Development requires that non-refundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and capitalized. As the related goods are delivered or the services are performed, or when the goods or services are no longer expected to be provided, the deferred amounts are recognized as an expense.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented in conformity with FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, for all periods presented. In accordance with this guidance, basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Preferred dividends are included in income available to common stockholders in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Shares used in calculating diluted net loss per common share exclude as anti-dilutive the following share equivalents:


	December 31,
	2017		2016
Options to purchase Common Stock		374,207		460,719
Warrants to purchase Common stock		1,962,960		378,218
Restricted Stock Units		106,192		22,667
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		5,261		5,261

		2,448,620		866,865

The following table summarizes the Company’s diluted net loss per share:


	December 31,
	2017			2016
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(24,930,984	)	$	(39,227,959	)
Adjustment for gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants		—			(2,321,053	)

Net loss used for diluted loss per share	$	(24,930,984	)	$	(41,549,012	)

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net loss per share		2,890,031			2,514,570
Adjustments to reflect assumed exercise of warrants		—			8,869

Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share		2,890,031			2,523,439

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(8.63	)	$	(15.60	)

Diluted	$	(8.63	)	$	(15.55	)

Change in Accounting Principle

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which aims to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including accounting for income taxes, classification on the statement of cash flows, accounting for forfeitures, and classification of awards as either liabilities or equity. In addition, under the ASU 2016-09, excess income tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements are classified as cash flow from operations, rather than cash flow from financing activities. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09as of January 1, 2017 and has elected to continue estimating forfeitures based on historical experience. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 had no impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”), which includes amendments that clarify how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 also provides guidance clarifying when an entity should separate cash receipts and cash payments and classify them into more than one class of cash flows. The new amendments and guidance are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted provided that all amendments are adopted in the same period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-15 on its consolidated statements of cash flows.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). The new standard is based on the principle that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Since its initial release, the FASB has issued several amendments to the standard, which include clarification of accounting guidance related to identification of performance obligations, intellectual property licenses, and principle versus agent considerations. ASU 2014-09 and all subsequent amendments (collectively, “ASC 606”) became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and was adopted the standard using the modified retrospective method. The cumulative effect of applying the new standard is immaterial and we will recognize the amount in retained earnings on the date of initial application. Under ASC 606, the Company will accrue for royalties as earned and no longer record them on a lag. The Company has reviewed its revenue streams to identify potential differences in accounting under the new revenue recognition standard. The Company’s timing and measurement of revenue recognition will not be materially affected by the adoption and implementation of ASC 606.

Currently, the Company does not have any significant contracts with customers given its stage of development. The Company has derived its revenues primarily from a limited number of royalty, license and diagnostic service agreements. The consideration the Company is eligible to receive under these agreements includes upfront license payments, milestone payments and royalties. Each of these agreements has unique terms that have been evaluated separately under the new standards. The new standards differ from the current accounting standard in many respects, such as in the accounting for variable consideration, including milestone payments. For example, the Company currently recognizes milestone revenue using the milestone method specified in ASC 605-28, which generally results in recognition of milestone revenue in the period that the milestone event is achieved. However, under the new standards, it is possible to start to recognize milestone revenue before the milestone is achieved if management determines with a high degree of certainty that amounts recorded as revenues will not have to be reversed when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The Company has assessed the potential impact that the new standards may have with respect to its diagnostic service revenue and has determined to recognize its diagnostic service revenue on a cash collection basis as it does currently. The Company has completed its full assessment of the impact the new standards will have on its financial statements before the year-end 2017. The assessment concludes the Company will not have a significant change in the timing and measurement of its revenue upon adoption of the new standards. The Company will adopt the new standards effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company’s current assessment identifies a highly immaterial adjustment to beginning retained earnings for the cumulative effect of the change.

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information

3. Supplementary Balance Sheet Information

Short-term Investments

As of December 31, 2017, all short-term investments have been sold to satisfy the Company’s outstanding obligations under the Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 30, 2014 upon demanding repayment by the lenders. The following table sets forth the composition of short-term investments as of December 31, 2016.


				Unrealized
	Maturity in Years	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
Corporate debt securities	Less than 1 year	$	14,165,915	$	44	$	(5,273	)	$	14,160,686
Commercial paper	Less than 1 year		1,195,444		—		—			1,195,444
U.S. treasury securities	Less than 1 year		8,625,728		330		(4,166	)		8,621,892

Total investment		$	23,987,087	$	374	$	(9,439	)	$	23,978,022

Property and Equipment

Fixed assets consist of laboratory, testing and computer equipment and fixtures stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $1,053,913 and $969,833, respectively. Property and equipment consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2017			2016
Furniture and office equipment	$	1,076,709		$	1,144,741
Leasehold improvements		1,994,514			1,994,514
Laboratory equipment		1,426,581			2,449,645

		4,497,804			5,588,900
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,071,492	)		(1,761,985	)

Property and equipment, net	$	2,426,312		$	3,826,915

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2017		2016
Accrued compensation	$	618,128	$	2,203,876
Accrued research agreements		135,139		736,199
Accrued professional fees		—		421,314
Other accrued liabilities		701,320		659,976

Total accrued liabilities	$	1,454,587	$	4,021,365

Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

8. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company issued a total of 503,448 shares of Common Stock. 428,056 shares were issued upon exercise of warrants for a weighted-average price of $3.36. In addition, 75,392 shares were issued upon vesting of restricted stock units (“RSU”).

Stock Options

Stock-based compensation expense related to Trovagene equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follow:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Included in research and development expense	$	395,709	$	372,200
Included in cost of revenue		39,631		26,156
Included in selling, general and administrative expense		970,791		601,309
Benefit from restructuring		—		(78,866	)

Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,406,131	$	920,799

The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at March 31, 2018 and 2017, net of expected forfeitures, was $2,662,066 and $5,677,247, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining vesting period of 1.8 and 2.6 years, respectively. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of outstanding options as of March 31, 2018 was approximately 8.1 years. The total fair value of stock options vested during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $971,488 and $1,526,211, respectively.

The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following weighted-average assumptions during the following periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017 (1)
Risk-free interest rate		2.43	%		—	%
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%
Expected volatility		90.28	%		—	%
Expected term		5.2 years			0

(1)	No options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:


	Total Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017		374,207		$	48.48	$	—
Granted		261,069		$	3.60
Canceled / Forfeited		(2,917	)	$	69.84

Balance outstanding, March 31, 2018		632,359		$	29.88	$	154,135

Exercisable at March 31, 2018		429,686		$	32.52	$	109,892

On June 13, 2017, the number of authorized shares in the Trovagene 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 EIP”) was increased from 625,000 to 791,667. As of March 31, 2018 there were 28,247 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP.

Restricted Stock Units

There were no RSU granted during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the RSU $2.05 per share during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:


	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2017		106,192		$	17.16	$	391,848
Vested		(75,392	)	$	14.16	$	266,461

Non-vested RSU outstanding, March 31, 2018		30,800		$	24.60	$	129,064

At March 31, 2018 and 2017, total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested RSU were $602,134 and $1,603,214, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 and 3.3 years, respectively. The total fair values of vested RSU during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 were $1,070,914 and $1,091,580, respectively.

Warrants

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below:


	Total Warrants (1)			Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (1)
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017		1,936,572		$	11.40		4.4
Exercised		(401,667	)	$	3.60

Balance outstanding, March 31, 2018		1,534,905		$	13.32		4.0

(1)	Excluded the pre-funded warrants to purchase 26,389 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.12 per share. The pre-warrants were exercised in full during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

4. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued a total of 79,932 shares of common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $2.4 million from the sale of 35,151 shares of its common stock at a weighted-average price of $67.32 under the agreement with the Agent. In addition, 8,200 shares were issued upon exercise of options for a weighted-average price of $44.76, 28,444 shares were issued upon net exercise of 103,073 options at a weighted average exercise price of $45.72, 221 shares were issued upon net exercise of 695 warrants at a weighted-average exercise price of $36.00, and 7,916 shares were issued upon vesting of restricted stock units.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued a total of 1,841,233 shares of common stock. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $11.6 million from the sale of 1,739,569 shares of its common stock and 1,663,358 share of warrants and pre-funded warrants through public offering, registered direct offering and private placement in July and December 2017. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $0.1 million from the sale of 8,507 shares of its common stock at a weighted-average price of $12.96 under the agreement with the Agent. In addition, 31,041 shares were issued upon vesting of restricted stock units (“RSU”), and 62,116 shares were issued upon vesting of restricted stock awards (“RSA”).

Warrants

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications, is presented below:


	Number of Warrants (1)			Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share (1)		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (1)
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015		461,104		$	46.32	2.5
Granted		2,583		$	58.08
Exercised		(695	)	$	36.00
Expired		(4,167	)	$	96.00

Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016		458,825		$	45.96	1.6
Granted		1,636,969		$	6.72
Expired		(159,223	)	$	63.84

Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017		1,936,571		$	11.40	4.4

(1)	Excluded the pre-funded warrants to purchase 26,389 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.12 per share. The pre-warrants expire when exercised in full.

The Company issued warrants to purchase 2,583 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $58.08 per share during the year ended December 31, 2016. The warrants were issued in connection with the fifth amendment to the $15.0 million debt agreement. The estimated fair value of the warrants was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model using the following assumptions: a risk-free interest rate of 1.59%, dividend yield of 0%, expected volatility of 130.66% and expected term of ten years. The resulting fair value of $148,885 was recorded as a debt discount and was amortized to interest expense over the new term of the loan using the effective interest method. In June 2017, Company received a Notice of Event of Default from the lenders which stated that Events of Default had occurred and all of the obligation under the Agreement were immediately due and payable. Upon termination of the Agreement, unamortized debt discount was recorded as loss on debt extinguishment.

In connection with a direct registered offering occurred in July 2017, the Company issued warrants to purchase 386,969 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $16.92 per share which expire on the five years anniversary of the original issuance date. In December 2017, the Company issued warrants to purchase 1,250,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.60 per share in a public offering which expire on the five years anniversary of the original issuance date. The Company also issued pre-funded warrants to purchase 26,389 shares of common stock which expire when exercised in full. $3.48 of the pre-funded warrant exercise price was paid upfront on the closing date of the public offering and the remaining exercise price is $0.12.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

The material terms of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock consist of:

1) Dividends. Holders of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at the rate per share of 4% per annum, payable quarterly on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, beginning with September 30, 2005. Dividends are payable, at the Company’s sole election, in cash or shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had $316,775 and $292,535, respectively in accrued cumulative unpaid preferred stock dividends, included in accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, and $24,240 and $24,240 of accrued dividends was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

2) Voting Rights. Shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock have no voting rights. However, so long as any shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company may not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock then outstanding, (a) adversely change the powers, preferences or rights given to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (b) authorize or create any class of stock senior or equal to the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, (c) amend its certificate of incorporation or other charter documents, so as to affect adversely any rights of the holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock or (d) increase the authorized number of shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.

3) Liquidation. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive an amount equal to the Stated Value per share, which is currently $10 per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

4) Conversion Rights. Each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing the Stated Value, currently $10 per share, by the conversion price, originally $25.80 per share.

5) Subsequent Equity Sales. The conversion price is subject to adjustment for dilutive issuances for a period of 12 months beginning upon registration of the common stock underlying the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The relevant registration statement became effective on March 17, 2006 and during the following twelve month period the conversion price was adjusted to $115.20 per share.

6) Automatic Conversion. If the price of the Company’s common stock equals $309.60 per share for 20 consecutive trading days, and an average of 695 shares of common stock per day are traded during the 20 trading days, the Company will have the right to deliver a notice to the holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, requesting the holders to convert any portion of the shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of common stock at the applicable conversion price. As of the date of these financial statements, such conditions have not been met.

As of each of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were 60,600 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock outstanding.

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

5. Stock-Based Compensation

The Trovagene, Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 EIP’), authorizing up to 208,333 shares of common stock for issuance under the 2014 EIP, was approved by the Board in June 2014 and approved by the stockholders of the Company at the September 17, 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. An additional 208,334 shares of common stock was authorized for issuance by the Board in March 2015 and was approved by the stockholders at the June 10, 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Stockholder approval was obtained on May 17, 2016 to increase the number of authorized shares in the 2014 EIP from 416,667 to 625,000. The adoption of an amendment to the Company’s 2014 EIP to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance to 791,667 was approved by the stockholders at the June 13, 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

As of December 31, 2017, there were 286,399 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP.

Stock-based compensation has been recognized in operating results as follows:


	Years ended December 31,
	2017			2016
In cost of revenue	$	83,713		$	122,301
In research and development expenses		1,026,497			2,420,696
In selling and marketing expense		676,635			2,111,366
In general and administrative expenses		2,350,962			2,910,156
Benefit from restructuring		(125,222	)		(60,203	)

Total stock-based compensation	$	4,012,585		$	7,504,316

Stock Options

The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions during the years indicated below:


Years ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Risk-free interest rate	1.82% - 2.03%	0.93% - 1.89%
Dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected volatility (range)	86% - 117%	80% - 134%
Expected volatility (weighted-average)	87%	103%
Expected term (in years)	5.3 years	5.5 years

Risk-free interest rate — Based on the daily yield curve rates for U.S. Treasury obligations with maturities that correspond to the expected term of the Company’s stock options.

Dividend yield — Trovagene has not paid any dividends on common stock since its inception and does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future.

Expected volatility — Based on the historical volatility of Trovagene’s common stock.

Expected term — The expected option term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding based on the simplified method provided in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB No. 107”), which averages an award’s weighted-average vesting period and expected term for “plain vanilla” share options. Under SAB No. 107, options are considered to be “plain vanilla” if they have the following basic characteristics: (1) are granted “at-the-money”; (2) exercisability is conditioned upon service through the vesting date; (3) termination of service prior to vesting results in forfeiture; (4) limited exercise period following termination of service; and (5) are non-transferable and non-hedgeable.

Forfeitures — FASB ASC Topic 718 (“ASC 718”) required forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. FASB ASU 2016-09 allows the Company to make an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures when they occur. The Company elected to estimate forfeitures based on its historical experience.

The weighted-average fair value per share of all options granted during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, was $6.72 and $43.20 per share, respectively.

The unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $2,915,970 and $8,211,896, respectively. The weighted-average remaining amortization period at December 31, 2017 and 2016 for non-vested stock options was 2.0 years and 2.8 years, respectively.

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $0 and $1,932,799 during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $3,992,127 and $6,261,655, respectively.

A summary of stock option activity and of changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:


	Number of Options			Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015		579,053		$	65.40	$	5,903,466		7.8 years
Granted		270,521		$	60.24
Exercised		(111,273	)	$	45.72
Forfeited		(277,582	)	$	67.56

Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016		460,719		$	65.88	$	—		7.7 years
Granted		88,271		$	9.84
Forfeited		(173,328	)	$	74.88
Expired		(1,455	)	$	56.88

Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017		374,207		$	48.48	$	—		7.1 years

Vested and exercisable, December 31, 2017		228,780		$	55.92	$	—		6.0 years

Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, the cash flows resulting from tax deductions in excess of the cumulative compensation cost recognized for options exercised (excess tax benefits) are classified within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Due to Trovagene’s accumulated deficit position, no tax benefits have been recognized in the cash flow statement.

Restricted Stock Units

Under guidance provided by ASC Topic 718 “Compensation—Stock Compensation” for share-based payments, stock-based compensation cost for RSU is measured at the grant date based on the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date and recognized ratably over the service period through the vesting date. All RSU were granted with no purchase price. Vesting of the RSU is generally subject to service conditions.

A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2015		—		$	—	$	—
Granted		33,500		$	48.72
Vested		(7,916	)	$	51.24
Forfeited		(2,917	)	$	47.88

Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2016		22,667		$	47.88	$	571,200
Granted		187,437		$	19.08
Vested		(31,041	)	$	41.64
Forfeited		(72,871	)	$	21.00

Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2017		106,192		$	17.16	$	391,848

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested RSU were $689,365 and $4,430, which are expected to be recognized over 2.9 years and one day, respectively. The total intrinsic values of RSU vested was $647,885 and $293,781 during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The total fair values of RSU vested during the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $1,291,878 and $405,550, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards

During the year ended December 31, 2017, a total of 62,116 shares of RSA were granted, all of which were vested immediately. The total fair value of vested RSA during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $596,314. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the RSA was $9.60 per share during the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no such awards granted during the year ended December 31, 2016.

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants

7. Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”) or ASC Topic 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480-10”), Trovagene determined that certain warrants issued in connection with the execution of certain equity financings must be recorded as derivative liabilities. In accordance with ASC 815-40 and ASC 480-10, the warrants are also being re-measuredat each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value, and any resultant change in fair value is being recorded in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated was:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock		3.72-4.20			13.80-25.20
Expected warrant term		0.8-5.1 years			1.8-2.0 years
Risk-free interest rate		1.76-2.54	%		1.20-1.27	%
Expected volatility		91-116	%		94-98	%
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%

Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of Trovagene’s common stock. The warrants have a transferability provision and based on guidance provided in Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB No. 107”), for instruments issued with such a provision, Trovagene used the remaining contractual term as the expected term of the warrants. The risk free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rates consistent with the expected remaining term of the warrants at each balance sheet date.

The following table sets forth the components of changes in the Company’s derivative financial instruments—warrants liability balance, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing method, for the periods indicated.


Date	Description	Number of Warrants		Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2017	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		467,577	$	649,387
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the period recognized as a loss in the condensed consolidated statements of operations		—		129,689

March 31, 2018	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		467,577	$	779,076

6. Derivative Financial Instruments — Warrants

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the criteria contained in ASC Topic 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815-40”) or ASC Topic 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480-10”), Trovagene determined that certain warrants issued in connection with the execution of certain equity financings must be recorded as derivative liabilities. In accordance with ASC 815-40 and ASC 480-10, the warrants are also being re-measuredat each balance sheet date based on estimated fair value, and any resultant change in fair value is being recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company estimates the fair value of these warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated was:


	2017	2016
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock	$3.72 - $15.12	$25.20 - $55.80
Expected warrant term	1.0 - 5.5 years	2.0 - 2.8 years
Risk-free interest rate	1.27% - 2.21%	0.71% - 1.20%
Expected volatility	86% - 116%	82% - 94%
Dividend yield	— %	— %

Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of Trovagene’s common stock. The warrants have a transferability provision and based on guidance provided in SAB No. 107 for instruments issued with such a provision, Trovagene used the full contractual term as the expected term of the warrants. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security rates consistent with the expected remaining term of the warrants at each balance sheet date.


Date	Description	Number of Warrants		Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2015	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		80,608	$	3,297,077
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations		—		(2,462,137	)

December 31, 2016	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		80,608		834,940
	Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments		386,969		3,215,519
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations		—		(3,401,072	)

December 31, 2017	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		467,577	$	649,387

The remaining contractual term of these warrants outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately 4.4 and 2.0 years, respectively.

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the total fair value of the above warrants accounted for as derivative financial instruments—warrants, valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $649,387 and $834,940, respectively, and is classified as derivative financial instruments—warrants liability on the balance sheet.

Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

4. Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured and recognized at fair value on a recurring basis classified under the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017:


	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2018
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	6,840,505	$	—	$	—	$	6,840,505

Total Assets	$	6,840,505	$	—	$	—	$	6,840,505

Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	779,076	$	779,076

Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	779,076	$	779,076


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	8,309,964	$	—	$	—	$	8,309,964

Total Assets	$	8,309,964	$	—	$	—	$	8,309,964

Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387

Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387

(1)	Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2018:


Description	Balance at December 31, 2017		Realized (gains) or losses		Balance at March 31, 2018
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	649,387	$	129,689	$	779,076

The change in the fair value of the “derivative financial instruments—warrants” is recorded as a gain or loss in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, the Company reviews the assets and liabilities that are subject to ASC Topic 815-40 and ASC Topic 480-10. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3.

7. Fair Value Measurements


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	4,522,631	$	—	$	—	$	4,522,631

Total Assets	$	4,522,631	$	—	$	—	$	4,522,631

Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387

Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	12,095,620	$	—	$	—	$	12,095,620
Corporate debt securities (2)		—		14,160,686		—		14,160,686
Commercial paper (3)		—		2,393,948		—		2,393,948
U.S. treasury securities (2)		—		8,621,892		—		8,621,892

Total Assets	$	12,095,620	$	25,176,526	$	—	$	37,272,146

Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	834,940	$	834,940

Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	834,940	$	834,940

(1)	Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

(2)	Included in short-term investments on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

(3)	$1,198,504 of commercial paper was included as a component of cash and cash equivalents, and the rest of amount was included in short-term investments on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:


Description	Balance at December 31, 2016		Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments		Unrealized (gains) or losses			Balance at December 31, 2017
Derivative financial instruments—Warrants	$	834,940	$	3,215,519	$	(3,401,072	)	$	649,387


Description	Balance at December 31, 2015		Unrealized (gains) or losses			Balance at December 31, 2016
Derivative financial instruments—Warrants	$	3,297,077	$	(2,462,137	)	$	834,940

The unrealized gains or losses on the derivative financial instruments—warrants are recorded as a change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. At each reporting period, the Company reviews the assets and liabilities that are subject to ASC Topic 815-40. At each reporting period, all assets and liabilities for which the fair value measurement is based on significant unobservable inputs or instruments that trade infrequently and therefore have little or no price transparency are classified as Level 3.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Debt	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Debt	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	6. Equipment Line of Credit In November 2015, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (“Equipment Line of Credit”) with SVB that provided for cash borrowings for equipment (“Equipment Advances”) of up to $2.0 million, secured by the equipment financed. Under the terms of the agreement, interest is equal to 1.25% above the Prime Rate. At March 31, 2018, the interest rate was 6.00%. Interest only payments are due on borrowings through November 30, 2016, with both interest and principal payments commencing in December 2016. All unpaid principal and interest on each Equipment Advance will be due on November 1, 2019. The Company has an obligation to make a final payment equal to 7% of total amounts borrowed at the loan maturity date. The Company is also subject to certain affirmative and negative covenants under the Equipment Line of Credit. On June 20, 2017, the Company received a Notice of Event of Default (“Default Letter”) from SVB which stated that Events of Default had occurred and SVB will decide in its sole discretion whether or not to exercise rights and remedies. The Company does not agree that the loan is in Default, but pursuant to the Default Letter from SVB, the Company classified the entire balance of $1,174,989 as a current liability as of March 31, 2018 and also recorded accrued interest at a default rate. The Company recorded $24,236 in interest expense related to the Equipment Line of Credit during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The Company paid off the Equipment Line of Credit on April 6, 2018. Refer to Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.	8. Debt Equipment Line of Credit In November 2015, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (“Equipment Line of Credit”) with Silicon Valley Bank that provided for cash borrowings for equipment (“Equipment Advances”) of up to $2.0 million, secured by the equipment financed. Under the terms of the agreement, interest is equal to 1.25% above the Prime Rate. At December 31, 2017, the interest rate was 5.75%. Interest only payments are due on borrowings through November 30, 2016, with both interest and principal payments commencing in December 2016. Any equipment advances after November 30, 2016 are subject to principal and interest payments immediately over a 36-monthperiod following the advance. All unpaid principal and interest on each Equipment Advance will be due on November 1, 2019. The Company has an obligation to make a final payment equal to 7% of total amounts borrowed at the loan maturity date. On June 20, 2017, the Company received a Notice of Event of Default (“Default Letter”) from SVB which stated that Events of Default had occurred and SVB will decide in its sole discretion whether or not to exercise rights and remedies. Pursuant to the Default Letter, the Company has classified the entire balance of $1,331,515 as a current liability as of December 31, 2017 and also started recording accrued interest at a default rate. The Company recorded $232,765 in interest expense related to the Equipment Line of Credit during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company is currently working with lender for resolution. Loan and Security Agreement In June 2014, the Company entered into a $15,000,000 loan and security agreement (“Agreement”) with two banks pursuant to which the lenders provided the Company with a term loan, which was funded at closing. In connection with the loan, each of the lenders received a warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 7,123 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $42.12 per share, which such warrants are exercisable for ten years from the date of issuance. On July 20, 2016, the Company signed the 5th Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (“Amendment”) to refinance its existing term loan. Under the Amendment, the interest rate was adjusted to 3.75% plus the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate (subject to a floor of 7.25%). The Company is required to make interest only payments on the outstanding amount of the loan on a monthly basis through September 1, 2017, after which equal monthly payments of principal and interest are due until the loan maturity date of February 1, 2020. In addition, the lenders received a warrant to purchase an aggregate 2,583 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $58.08 per share exercisable for ten years from the date of issuance. As of December 31, 2017, warrants to purchase 6,144 shares of common stock remains outstanding, of which 3,562 of these warrants were in connection with the original Agreement. On June 1, 2017, the Company received a Notice of Event of Default from the lenders which stated that Events of Default had occurred and all of the obligation under the Agreement were immediately due and payable. On June 6, 2017, the lenders took the total pay-off amount of $16,668,583 for the principal, interest, final payment, and other amounts out of the Company’s bank accounts which satisfied all of the Company’s outstanding obligations under the Agreement. Accordingly, the Agreement was terminated in June 2017. Upon termination of the Agreement, the prepayment fee of $450,000, unamortized debt discount of $400,562 and unamortized final fee of $738,196 were recorded as loss on debt extinguishment. The Company recorded total interest expense of $801,173 related to the Agreement during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

9. Income Taxes

At December 31, 2017, Trovagene had federal net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) of approximately $130.5 million, which, if not used, expire beginning in 2020. Trovagene also has California NOLs of approximately $72.1 million that will begin to expire in 2029. Trovagene also has research and development tax credits available for federal and California purposes of approximately $2.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The federal research and development tax credits will begin to expire on January 31, 2025. The California research and development tax credits are not set to expire. The utilization of these NOLs and research and development tax credits is subject to limitations based on past and future changes in ownership of Trovagene pursuant to Section 382 (“Section 382”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Company has determined that ownership changes have occurred for purposes of Section 382 and, therefore, the ability of the Company to utilize its NOLs is limited.

The provision for income taxes based on losses from continuing operations consists of the following at December 31 (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Current:
State	$	1		$	—

Total current provision		1			—
Deferred:
Federal		9,781			(14,035	)
State		3,171			(2,443	)
Foreign		—			(114	)

Total deferred expense (benefit)		12,952			(16,592	)
Valuation allowance		(12,953	)		16,592

Total income tax provision	$	—		$	—

Significant components of the Company’s taxes and the rates as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands, except percentages):


	Years ended December 31,
	2017					2016
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate	$	(8,591	)	34	%	$	(13,206	)	34	%
State tax, net of federal tax benefit		(697	)	3	%		(2,286	)	6	%
Foreign tax		—		—	%		(114	)	—	%
Permanent Items		(706	)	3	%		(114	)	—	%
Tax credits		(431	)	2	%		(1,276	)	3	%
Valuation allowance increase		(11,029	)	43	%		16,996		(43	)%
Tax rate change		21,454		(85	)%		—		—	%

Provision for income taxes	$	—		—	%	$	—		—	%

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”) was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The TCJA significantly revises the U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, eliminating certain deductions, imposing a mandatory one-time tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, introducing new tax regimes, and changing how foreign earnings are subject to U.S. tax. The TCJA also enhanced and extended through 2026 the option to claim accelerated depreciation deductions on qualified property. We have not completed our determination of the accounting implications of the TCJA on our tax accruals. However, we have reasonably estimated the effects of the TCJA and recorded in our financial statements as of December 31, 2017 the provisional amounts for the revaluation of our net deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from the permanent reduction in the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate to 21% from 35%. The provision estimate results in $19.5 million of tax expense offset by an adjustment to the valuation allowance. As we complete our analysis of the TCJA, collect and prepare necessary data, and interpret any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the IRS, and other standard-setting bodies, we may make adjustments to the provisional amounts. Those adjustments may materially impact our provision for income taxes in the period in which the adjustments are made.

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities from federal and state income taxes as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards	$	29,713		$	41,502
Research and development credits and other tax credits		3,084			2,817
Stock-based compensation		3,565			4,658
Other		945			1,283

Total deferred tax assets		37,307			50,260
Valuation allowance		(37,307	)		(50,260	)

Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

Trovagene records a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Due to the substantial doubt related to Trovagene’s ability to utilize its deferred tax assets, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against the deferred tax.

FASB ASC Topic 740-10-30-7, Accounting for Income Taxes had no effect on Trovagene’s financial position, cash flows or results of operations upon adoption, as Trovagene does not have any unrecognized tax benefits. Trovagene’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense, and none have been incurred to date.

Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Employment Agreements

The Company has longer-term contractual commitments with various employees. Certain employment agreements provide for severance payments.

Lease Agreements

The Company leases approximately 26,100 square feet of office and laboratory space at a monthly rental rate of approximately $68,000. The lease will expire on December 31, 2021. The Company currently subleases certain office space and records the rental receipt under the subleases as a reduction of its rent expense.

License and Service Agreements

In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l. (“Nerviano”) which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Trovagene refers to as PCM-075. PCM-075 is an oral, investigative drug and a highly-selective adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitor of the serine/threonine PLK 1. The Company plans to develop PCM-075 in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumor cancers. Upon execution of the agreement, the Company paid $2.0 million in license fees which were expensed to research and development costs during the year ended December 31, 2017. Under the agreement, the Company is committed to pay $1.0 million for services provided by Nerviano, such as the costs to manufacture drug product, no later than June 30, 2019. As of March 31, 2018, approximately $200,000 has been paid for services provided. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay royalties based on certain development and sales milestones.

The Company is a party to various agreements under which it licenses technology on an exclusive basis in the field of human diagnostics. License fees are generally calculated as a percentage of product revenues, with rates that vary by agreement. To date, payments have not been material.

Litigation

Trovagene does not believe that the Company has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which it believes will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

License and Service Agreements

In March 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Nerviano which granted the Company development and commercialization rights to NMS-1286937, which Trovagene refers to as PCM-075. PCM-075 is an oral, investigative drug and a highly-selective adenosine triphosphate competitive inhibitor of the serine/threonine PLK 1. The Company plans to develop PCM-075 initially in patients with AML. Upon execution of the agreement, the Company paid $2.0 million in license fees which were expensed to research and development costs during the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company is committed to pay $1.0 million for future services provided by Nerviano, such as the costs to manufacture drug product, no later than June 30, 2019. Terms of the agreement also provide for the Company to pay royalties based on certain development and sales milestones.

Litigation

Trovagene does not believe that the Company has legal liabilities that are probable or reasonably possible that require either accrual or disclosure, except for the following: On March 28, 2016 the Company filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Diego against the Company’s former CEO and CFO, for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty for failing to present a lucrative corporate opportunity to the Company concerning promising new therapeutics in the field of precision medicine and instead taking that opportunity for their own personal benefit (the “Complaint”). The Complaint asks that these two former executives be required to turn over their interests in these new therapeutics to the Company. The former CEO and CFO filed a cross complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Diego against the Company on May 23, 2016 for, among other things, breach of contract (the “Cross Complaint”, and together with the Complaint, collectively, the “Litigation”). On July 28, 2017, the parties settled the Litigation. The settlement involved mutual releases by all parties involved. The net cost to Trovagene in connection with the settlement is approximately $2.1 million. Of that amount, $975,000 was the net amount paid directly to the former CEO and CFO. From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in matters may arise from time to time that may harm the Company’s business. As of the date of this report, management believes that there are no claims against the Company, which it believes will result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

Employment Agreements

The Company has longer-term contractual commitments with various employees. Certain employment agreements provide for severance payments.

Lease Agreements

The Company currently leases approximately 26,100 square feet facilities in San Diego under an operating lease that expires on December 31, 2021 at a monthly rental rate of approximately $68,000. The Company leased certain lab and office space in Torino, Italy, of approximately 2,300 square feet at a monthly rental rate of approximately $3,100. The lease was terminated at the end of September 2017. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $663,000 and $602,000, respectively.

The Company is also a party to various non-cancelable operating lease agreements for office equipment.

Total annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:


	Operating Leases		Sublease Income			Net Operating Leases
2018	$	881,815	$	(216,504	)	$	665,311
2019		906,879		(183,124	)		723,755
2020		931,457		—			931,457
2021		959,401		—			959,401
2022		—		—			—
Thereafter		—		—			—

Total	$	3,679,552	$	(399,628	)	$	3,279,924

Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering

On March 15, 2017, the Company filed a Form 424B5 to amend and supplement the information in the Company’s registration statement and prospectus, dated June 13, 2016, to offer and sell additional shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price up to $20,698,357. The Company entered into an agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Agent”) on January 25, 2013 to issue and sell up to $30,000,000 of shares of common stock through the Agent. As payment for its services, the Agent is entitled to a 3% commission on gross proceeds. Gross proceeds of $110,000 have been raised in 2017.

Database Usage

In March 2016 the Company entered into an agreement with an outside vendor to develop an online database for test requisition and test results. Under the agreement, the Company is obligated to pay a fixed development fee, and a usage fee each time an external user completes and submits a test order form to the database. To date, the Company has paid the fixed development fee. Costs incurred in connection with the usage fees were immaterial.

Employee Benefit Plan	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plan	Dec. 31, 2017
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefit Plan	11. Employee Benefit Plan The Company has a retirement savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Code covering its employees. The plan allows employees to defer, up to the maximum allowed, a percentage of their income on a pre-tax basis through contributions to the plans, plus any employee age 50 and over can participate in the caught-up dollars as allowed by Internal Revenue Service codes. The Company also has a Roth investment plan that is taken after taxes. The Company does not currently make matching contributions.

Restructuring Charges	12 Months Ended
Restructuring Charges	Dec. 31, 2017
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]
Restructuring Charges	12. Restructuring Charges On March 15, 2017, in connection with the addition of precision medicine therapeutics to its business, the Company announced a restructuring plan (the “Restructuring”) which included a reduction in force. As part of this restructuring, the Company elected to dissolve its wholly owned subsidiary, Trovagene Srl, in 2017, resulting in a reversal of foreign currency translation losses. The financial results of the dissolution is represented in the restructuring cost in the December 31, 2017 financial statements. This restructuring has been completed as of December 31, 2017. The Company incurred approximately $2.2 million in restructuring charges, which has been included as a component of operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2017. Restructuring charges include approximately $1.1 million of costs related to termination of employees, which is net of a $125,000 stock-based compensation expense reversal for certain terminated employees. The remaining restructuring charges of approximately $485,000 were related to impairment of capitalized license fees. Of the total restructuring expenses recorded, approximately $262,000 remains to be paid as of December 31, 2017 and is included in accrued liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions	Dec. 31, 2017
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions	13. Related Party Transactions In March 2016, the Company engaged Rutan & Tucker, LLP, a law firm to represent Trovagene, Inc. with respect to various lawsuits. One of the partners from Rutan & Tucker, LLP, is the son of the Company’s Chairman of the Board. The fees for legal services are based on the hourly rates of the individuals performing the legal services. During the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company incurred and recorded approximately $650,000 and $537,000 of legal expenses, net of insurance reimbursements, for services performed by Rutan & Tucker, LLP, respectively.

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

14. Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations of the Company for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:


	Quarter Ended(1)
	March 31			June 30			September 30			December 31
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2017
Revenues	$	95		$	102		$	123		$	185
Operating expenses	$	10,221		$	5,990		$	5,921		$	3,969
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(10,005	)	$	(8,052	)	$	(4,298	)	$	(2,576	)
Net loss per common share - basic	$	(3.88	)	$	(3.12	)	$	(1.41	)	$	(0.77	)
Net loss per common share - diluted	$	(3.88	)	$	(3.12	)	$	(1.41	)	$	(0.77	)
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic		2,580,085			2,582,645			3,038,806			3,348,506
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted		2,580,085			2,582,645			3,038,806			3,348,506


2016
Revenues	$	120		$	104		$	89		$	68
Operating expenses	$	10,579		$	10,084		$	10,013		$	9,850
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(10,269	)	$	(10,208	)	$	(10,197	)	$	(8,554	)
Net loss per common share - basic	$	(4.14	)	$	(4.09	)	$	(4.03	)	$	(3.35	)
Net loss per common share - diluted	$	(4.09	)	$	(4.09	)	$	(4.03	)	$	(3.34	)
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic		2,479,599			2,496,504			2,528,315			2,553,287
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted		2,509,032			2,496,504			2,528,315			2,559,329

(1)	Basic and diluted net loss per common share are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net loss per common share amount may not agree to the total for the year.

Subsequent Events	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	10. Subsequent Event On April 6, 2018, the Company paid approximately $1,100,000 to SVB. This payment repaid the outstanding Equipment Line of Credit loan in full. On June 1, 2018, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation effecting a 1-for-12 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock.	15. Subsequent Events On June 1, 2018, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation effecting a 1-for-12 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding common stock.

Revenue

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

3. Revenue

Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606

The Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method. This resulted in a cumulative adjustment to decrease the Company’s accumulated deficit by $109,922 to reflect the acceleration of revenue recognition related to its sales-based royalties for agreements with customers that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. As a result of applying the modified retrospective method to adopt the new revenue guidance, the Company recorded $109,922 to unbilled receivables under the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018.

Impact of New Revenue Guidance on Financial Statement Line Items

The following summarizes the significant changes to the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 compared to what would have been recognized under ASC 605:

•

Total reported assets and equity were $30,667 greater than what would have been reported under ASC 605 as of March 31, 2018. This was due to the acceleration of future minimum customer sales-based royalty revenues under ASC 606 through the potential contract cancellation period.

•

$77,589 reduction of recorded revenues related to prior periods. Previously under ASC 605, there was a lag of at least one quarter before the Company was notified of customers’ sales-based royalties, and thus royalty revenues in excess of the minimum guaranteed amounts were recognized in arrears. This would have resulted in recording additional royalty revenue in the first quarter of 2018 related to eligible 2017 customer sales. For customers that only report royalty-eligible sales annually, this typically resulted in the recognition of a full year’s worth of royalties in excess of the minimum in the first quarter of the following year. However, ASC 606 requires recognition in the period earned even if amounts are unknown (subject to the constraint that a significant future reversal of this estimated revenue is not probable). Because the modified retrospective approach was applied upon adoption on January 1, 2018, this cumulative difference (amount in arrears) was adjusted to the Company’s accumulated deficit rather than recording this revenue in the first quarter of 2018.

•

Partially offsetting the reduction above is the $18,326 acceleration of first quarter 2018 sales-based royalty revenue in excess of minimum guaranteed amounts to the extent the amounts are known or can be estimated, and a significant reversal is not probable.

The net impact of accounting for revenue under the new guidance increased net loss and net loss per share by $59,263 and $0.012 per basic and diluted share, respectively for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company’s cash flows from operations. The aforementioned impacts resulted in offsetting shifts in cash flows between net loss and changes in working capital balances.

Revenue Recognitions

The Company has historically derived its revenues from the following sources: (i) royalties from sublicense and patent transfer agreements, (ii) up-front fees from sublicense and patent transfer agreements, (iii) milestone payments from sublicense and patent transfer agreements, (iv) diagnostic services revenue and (v) clinical research revenue. These revenue streams are discussed in greater detail below.

Royalty Revenue

Royalties have comprised the majority of the Company’s revenues to date. Its licensing and patent transfer agreements provide for ongoing royalties, generally calculated as a percentage of net revenues related to the licensed or transferred intellectual property (“IP”). In addition, many of its agreements specify a minimum annual royalty amount beginning in the year of the customer’s first related sale. Because minimum royalty amounts are contractually guaranteed, they are considered fixed consideration and allocated to the performance obligations at the stated amounts in the agreements. Sales-based royalties in excess of the minimum amount are considered variable consideration as the amounts are not known until the related customer sales occur, and are therefore excluded from the transaction price. Royalty amounts are reported by customers on a quarterly or annual basis, depending on the agreement, and are typically collected by the Company in the following quarter.

Under ASC 606, fixed consideration is recognized as revenue when all performance obligations have been satisfied. For existing licensing and patent transfer agreements, the sole performance obligation was the issuance of the sublicense or the transfer of the patent which occurred at the agreements’ inception. However, as these agreements are generally cancellable by either party with 60-90 days’ notice, a fixed contractual minimum cannot be determined at the outset of the agreement. Thus, at a given point the Company may only recognize minimum royalty revenue to be received 60-90 days in the future, as there are no guarantees beyond the minimum cancellation period. This is a slight acceleration compared to previous guidance, which did not permit future minimum royalties to be recognized in an earlier period. The cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit upon adoption at January 1, 2018 related to this acceleration in revenue recognition was not material, at approximately $32,000.

Sales-based royalties in excess of annual minimums are considered variable consideration. Sales-based or usage-based royalty based on an intellectual property license prohibits recognition of the royalty until sales or other activities occur. Historically, there has been a short lag before the Company was notified of a customer’s previous period sales, and thus sales greater than minimum royalties were recognized in arrears as these amounts became known. Under ASC 606 the Company is now required to record an estimate of sales in excess of minimums even if the exact amount is unknown. Given the Company’s relatively low revenues overall and the unpredictable nature of these sales-based royalties, such acceleration under ASC 606 has not been material. A cumulative adjustment of approximately $78,000 was recognized upon adoption as a result of this acceleration. Amounts that have been recognized as revenue but not yet billed to customers are presented as unbilled receivables on the Company’s balance sheet.

Up-Front Licensing and Patent Transfer Fees

Each of the Company’s licensing agreements contains a non-refundable up-front licensing fee for use by the customer of the related IP. The Company’s IP license grants and patent transfers are considered to be functional IP as each has immediate standalone value and distinct performance obligations and as such, revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer. This is considered fixed consideration under ASC 606 and is allocated entirely to the IP grant at the amount stated in the agreement. This is consistent with the previous guidance and as such, the adoption of ASC 606 had no effect on this revenue stream as all performance obligations under existing agreements had already been satisfied, fees had been collected from customers, and the related revenues had already been recognized prior to adoption.

Milestone Payments from Sublicense and Patent Transfer Agreements

A few of the Company’s agreements with customers contain payments related to the achievement of specific milestones. However, as no milestones have been reached under these agreements in several years and the Company does not expect to achieve the remaining milestones under existing agreements, these potential amounts are excluded from the transaction price, and the adoption of ASC 606 had no effect on this revenue stream. The Company will, however, continue to update its assessment in future reporting periods regarding the likelihood of achieving outstanding milestones.

Diagnostic Service Revenue

This revenue stream is related to the performance of clinical laboratory tests and has come primarily from insurance companies and government payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid in the United States. Some revenue also comes from international private payors. Diagnostic services revenue to date has been recognized on a cash collection basis due to (i) the highly complex insurance and governmental regulations and practices that vary based on state, third party payor, etc., (ii) the Company’s relatively short commercial history with uncollected billings, (iii) the Company’s fairly high percentage of services that are billed and not collected, and (iv) significant lag times between when a sample is processed and when payment is received. While distinct performance obligations and stand-alone selling prices can be identified, we do not believe these agreements meet the criteria for contracts with a customer under ASC 606 because it is not probable that the entity will collect substantially all the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods and services transferred, nor can it reliably determine the expected transaction price. Therefore, the Company has continued to recognize this revenue on a cash basis as it did under the previous guidance. Thus, the adoption of ASC 606 did not affect this revenue stream.

Clinical Research Revenue

This revenue stream consists primarily of sales of urine and blood collection supplies and testing services under agreements with distributors and with pharmaceutical companies. These agreements meet the criteria for contracts with a customer, have fixed prices and quantities for goods (supplies) and services (tests), and each good or service represents a distinct performance obligation and has a stand-alone selling price that is independent of other purchases by the customer. Performance obligations are satisfied when goods or services are provided to the customer under ASC 606. Because testing services are very short in duration (less than two weeks) and have relatively low prices and low volumes, related costs are expensed immediately rather than recorded as contract assets, as the results would not differ significantly. Standard payment terms apply to these agreements, and thus there is no financing component nor prepayments that would result in a contract liability. Customers are invoiced and revenue is recognized simultaneously upon shipment or delivery of test results at the stated amounts per the contract, which is consistent with previous guidance. Thus, the adoption of ASC 606 did not affect reported amounts for this revenue stream.

Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations

Licensing and patent transfer agreements may contain three possible revenue sources: up-front licensing fees, sales-based royalties and potential milestone revenue. However, all of the Company’s existing agreements of this type contained only a single performance obligation to provide the functional IP to the customer at the outset of the agreement. While the Company continues to receive related sales-based royalties, the related performance obligations were satisfied in previous years and thus the Company has no future performance obligations under these agreements.

Property and Equipment

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

5. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:


	As of March 31, 2018			As of December 31, 2017
Furniture and office equipment	$	1,076,709		$	1,076,709
Leasehold improvements		1,994,514			1,994,514
Laboratory equipment		1,431,681			1,426,581

		4,502,904			4,497,804
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,279,307	)		(2,071,492	)

Property and equipment, net	$	2,223,597		$	2,426,312

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Short-Term Investments

Short-Term Investments

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Royalty and License Revenues

•

Diagnostic Service Revenues

Clinical Research Revenue

Revenues

Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured.

Royalty and License Revenues

•

Diagnostic Service Revenues

Clinical Research Services Revenue

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Derivative Financial Instruments-Warrants

Derivative Financial Instruments—Warrants

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

•

Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

•

Level 3 — Instruments where significant value drivers are unobservable to third parties.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

Impairment Losses on Long-Lived Assets

Restructuring

Income Taxes

Contingencies

Cost of Revenue

Research and Development

Research and Development

Net Loss Per Share

Net Loss Per Share

Change in Accounting Principle and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Change in Accounting Principle

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Change in Accounting Principle

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which aims to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including accounting for income taxes, classification on the statement of cash flows, accounting for forfeitures, and classification of awards as either liabilities or equity. In addition, under the ASU 2016-09, excess income tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements are classified as cash flow from operations, rather than cash flow from financing activities. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 as of January 1, 2017 and has elected to continue estimating forfeitures based on historical experience. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 had no impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). The new standard is based on the principle that revenue should be recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Since its initial release, the FASB has issued several amendments to the standard, which include clarification of accounting guidance related to identification of performance obligations, intellectual property licenses, and principle versus agent considerations. ASU 2014-09 and all subsequent amendments (collectively, “ASC 606”) became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and was adopted the standard using the modified retrospective method. The cumulative effect of applying the new standard is immaterial and we will recognize the amount in retained earnings on the date of initial application. Under ASC 606, the Company will accrue for royalties as earned and no longer record them on a lag. The Company has reviewed its revenue streams to identify potential differences in accounting under the new revenue recognition standard. The Company’s timing and measurement of revenue recognition will not be materially affected by the adoption and implementation of ASC 606.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from the Calculation of Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

The following table sets forth the outstanding potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect was anti-dilutive:


	March 31,
	2018		2017
Options to purchase Common Stock		632,359		390,586
Warrants to purchase Common Stock		1,534,905		458,826
Restricted Stock Units		30,800		81,416
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		5,261		5,261

		2,203,325		936,089

Shares used in calculating diluted net loss per common share exclude as anti-dilutive the following share equivalents:


	December 31,
	2017		2016
Options to purchase Common Stock		374,207		460,719
Warrants to purchase Common stock		1,962,960		378,218
Restricted Stock Units		106,192		22,667
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock		5,261		5,261

		2,448,620		866,865

Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Numerator: Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(4,792,237	)	$	(10,005,597	)
Adjustment for gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants		—			—

Net loss used for diluted loss per share	$	(4,792,237	)	$	(10,005,597	)

Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic loss per share		4,613,704			2,580,085
Adjustments to reflect assumed exercise of warrants		—			—

Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share		4,613,704			2,580,085

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(1.04	)	$	(3.88	)

Diluted	$	(1.04	)	$	(3.88	)

The following table summarizes the Company’s diluted net loss per share:


	December 31,
	2017			2016
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(24,930,984	)	$	(39,227,959	)
Adjustment for gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants		—			(2,321,053	)

Net loss used for diluted loss per share	$	(24,930,984	)	$	(41,549,012	)

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic net loss per share		2,890,031			2,514,570
Adjustments to reflect assumed exercise of warrants		—			8,869

Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share		2,890,031			2,523,439

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic	$	(8.63	)	$	(15.60	)

Diluted	$	(8.63	)	$	(15.55	)

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Composition of Short-Term Investments

The following table sets forth the composition of short-term investments as of December 31, 2016.


				Unrealized
	Maturity in Years	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
Corporate debt securities	Less than 1 year	$	14,165,915	$	44	$	(5,273	)	$	14,160,686
Commercial paper	Less than 1 year		1,195,444		—		—			1,195,444
U.S. treasury securities	Less than 1 year		8,625,728		330		(4,166	)		8,621,892

Total investment		$	23,987,087	$	374	$	(9,439	)	$	23,978,022

Components of Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2017		2016
Accrued compensation	$	618,128	$	2,203,876
Accrued research agreements		135,139		736,199
Accrued professional fees		—		421,314
Other accrued liabilities		701,320		659,976

Total accrued liabilities	$	1,454,587	$	4,021,365

Property and Equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Components of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consist of the following:


	As of March 31, 2018			As of December 31, 2017
Furniture and office equipment	$	1,076,709		$	1,076,709
Leasehold improvements		1,994,514			1,994,514
Laboratory equipment		1,431,681			1,426,581

		4,502,904			4,497,804
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,279,307	)		(2,071,492	)

Property and equipment, net	$	2,223,597		$	2,426,312

Property and equipment consisted of the following:


	As of December 31,
	2017			2016
Furniture and office equipment	$	1,076,709		$	1,144,741
Leasehold improvements		1,994,514			1,994,514
Laboratory equipment		1,426,581			2,449,645

		4,497,804			5,588,900
Less—accumulated depreciation and amortization		(2,071,492	)		(1,761,985	)

Property and equipment, net	$	2,426,312		$	3,826,915

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Summary of Warrant Activity and Changes in Warrants Outstanding

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications is presented below:


	Total Warrants (1)			Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (1)
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017		1,936,572		$	11.40		4.4
Exercised		(401,667	)	$	3.60

Balance outstanding, March 31, 2018		1,534,905		$	13.32		4.0

(1)	Excluded the pre-funded warrants to purchase 26,389 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.12 per share. The pre-warrants were exercised in full during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

A summary of warrant activity and changes in warrants outstanding, including both liability and equity classifications, is presented below:


	Number of Warrants (1)			Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share (1)		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (1)
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015		461,104		$	46.32	2.5
Granted		2,583		$	58.08
Exercised		(695	)	$	36.00
Expired		(4,167	)	$	96.00

Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016		458,825		$	45.96	1.6
Granted		1,636,969		$	6.72
Expired		(159,223	)	$	63.84

Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017		1,936,571		$	11.40	4.4

(1)	Excluded the pre-funded warrants to purchase 26,389 shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.12 per share. The pre-warrants expire when exercised in full.

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of warrants or rights issued. Warrants and rights outstanding are derivative securities that give the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame. Warrants are often included in a new debt issue to entice investors by a higher return potential. The main difference between warrants and call options is that warrants are issued and guaranteed by the company, whereas options are exchange instruments and are not issued by the company. Also, the lifetime of a warrant is often measured in years, while the lifetime of a typical option is measured in months. Disclose the title of issue of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the aggregate amount of securities called for by warrants and rights outstanding, the date from which the warrants or rights are exercisable, and the price at which the warrant or right is exercisable.

+ References + Details

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to Trovagene equity awards have been recognized in operating results as follow:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017
Included in research and development expense	$	395,709	$	372,200
Included in cost of revenue		39,631		26,156
Included in selling, general and administrative expense		970,791		601,309
Benefit from restructuring		—		(78,866	)

Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,406,131	$	920,799

Stock-based compensation has been recognized in operating results as follows:


	Years ended December 31,
	2017			2016
In cost of revenue	$	83,713		$	122,301
In research and development expenses		1,026,497			2,420,696
In selling and marketing expense		676,635			2,111,366
In general and administrative expenses		2,350,962			2,910,156
Benefit from restructuring		(125,222	)		(60,203	)

Total stock-based compensation	$	4,012,585		$	7,504,316

Estimated Fair Value of Stock Options - Assumptions


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017 (1)
Risk-free interest rate		2.43	%		—	%
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%
Expected volatility		90.28	%		—	%
Expected term		5.2 years			0

(1)	No options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

The estimated fair value of stock option awards was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions during the years indicated below:


Years ended December 31,
	2017	2016
Risk-free interest rate	1.82% - 2.03%	0.93% - 1.89%
Dividend yield	0%	0%
Expected volatility (range)	86% - 117%	80% - 134%
Expected volatility (weighted-average)	87%	103%
Expected term (in years)	5.3 years	5.5 years

Stock-Based Compensation Recognized

A summary of stock option activity and changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:


	Total Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017		374,207		$	48.48	$	—
Granted		261,069		$	3.60
Canceled / Forfeited		(2,917	)	$	69.84

Balance outstanding, March 31, 2018		632,359		$	29.88	$	154,135

Exercisable at March 31, 2018		429,686		$	32.52	$	109,892

A summary of stock option activity and of changes in stock options outstanding is presented below:


	Number of Options			Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share		Intrinsic Value		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2015		579,053		$	65.40	$	5,903,466		7.8 years
Granted		270,521		$	60.24
Exercised		(111,273	)	$	45.72
Forfeited		(277,582	)	$	67.56

Balance outstanding, December 31, 2016		460,719		$	65.88	$	—		7.7 years
Granted		88,271		$	9.84
Forfeited		(173,328	)	$	74.88
Expired		(1,455	)	$	56.88

Balance outstanding, December 31, 2017		374,207		$	48.48	$	—		7.1 years

Vested and exercisable, December 31, 2017		228,780		$	55.92	$	—		6.0 years

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity

A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:


	Number of Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2017		106,192		$	17.16	$	391,848
Vested		(75,392	)	$	14.16	$	266,461

Non-vested RSU outstanding, March 31, 2018		30,800		$	24.60	$	129,064

A summary of the RSU activity is presented below:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Intrinsic Value
Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2015		—		$	—	$	—
Granted		33,500		$	48.72
Vested		(7,916	)	$	51.24
Forfeited		(2,917	)	$	47.88

Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2016		22,667		$	47.88	$	571,200
Granted		187,437		$	19.08
Vested		(31,041	)	$	41.64
Forfeited		(72,871	)	$	21.00

Non-vested RSU outstanding, December 31, 2017		106,192		$	17.16	$	391,848

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Tables) - Black Scholes Option Pricing Method

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine the Fair Value of the Warrants

The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated was:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock		3.72-4.20			13.80-25.20
Expected warrant term		0.8-5.1 years			1.8-2.0 years
Risk-free interest rate		1.76-2.54	%		1.20-1.27	%
Expected volatility		91-116	%		94-98	%
Dividend yield		0	%		0	%

The range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of the warrants valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model during the periods indicated was:


	2017	2016
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock	$3.72 - $15.12	$25.20 - $55.80
Expected warrant term	1.0 - 5.5 years	2.0 - 2.8 years
Risk-free interest rate	1.27% - 2.21%	0.71% - 1.20%
Expected volatility	86% - 116%	82% - 94%
Dividend yield	— %	— %

Schedule of Components of Changes in the Company's Derivative Financial Instruments Liability Balance


Date	Description	Number of Warrants		Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2017	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		467,577	$	649,387
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the period recognized as a loss in the condensed consolidated statements of operations		—		129,689

March 31, 2018	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		467,577	$	779,076


Date	Description	Number of Warrants		Derivative Instrument Liability
December 31, 2015	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		80,608	$	3,297,077
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations		—		(2,462,137	)

December 31, 2016	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		80,608		834,940
	Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments		386,969		3,215,519
	Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments—warrants during the year recognized as a gain in the statement of operations		—		(3,401,072	)

December 31, 2017	Balance of derivative financial instruments—warrants liability		467,577	$	649,387

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Company's Assets and Liabilities that are Measured and Recognized at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Classified Under the Appropriate Level of the Fair Value Hierarchy


	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2018
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	6,840,505	$	—	$	—	$	6,840,505

Total Assets	$	6,840,505	$	—	$	—	$	6,840,505

Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	779,076	$	779,076

Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	779,076	$	779,076


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	8,309,964	$	—	$	—	$	8,309,964

Total Assets	$	8,309,964	$	—	$	—	$	8,309,964

Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387

Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387

(1)	Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	4,522,631	$	—	$	—	$	4,522,631

Total Assets	$	4,522,631	$	—	$	—	$	4,522,631

Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387

Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	649,387	$	649,387


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets:
Money market fund (1)	$	12,095,620	$	—	$	—	$	12,095,620
Corporate debt securities (2)		—		14,160,686		—		14,160,686
Commercial paper (3)		—		2,393,948		—		2,393,948
U.S. treasury securities (2)		—		8,621,892		—		8,621,892

Total Assets	$	12,095,620	$	25,176,526	$	—	$	37,272,146

Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	—	$	—	$	834,940	$	834,940

Total Liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	834,940	$	834,940

(1)	Included as a component of cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

(2)	Included in short-term investments on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

(3)	$1,198,504 of commercial paper was included as a component of cash and cash equivalents, and the rest of amount was included in short-term investments on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Schedule of Changes in the Fair Value of the Company's Level 3 Liabilities

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2018:


Description	Balance at December 31, 2017		Realized (gains) or losses		Balance at March 31, 2018
Derivative financial instruments—warrants	$	649,387	$	129,689	$	779,076

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:


Description	Balance at December 31, 2016		Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments		Unrealized (gains) or losses			Balance at December 31, 2017
Derivative financial instruments—Warrants	$	834,940	$	3,215,519	$	(3,401,072	)	$	649,387


Description	Balance at December 31, 2015		Unrealized (gains) or losses			Balance at December 31, 2016
Derivative financial instruments—Warrants	$	3,297,077	$	(2,462,137	)	$	834,940

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Provision for Income Taxes Based on Losses from Continuing Operations

The provision for income taxes based on losses from continuing operations consists of the following at December 31 (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Current:
State	$	1		$	—

Total current provision		1			—
Deferred:
Federal		9,781			(14,035	)
State		3,171			(2,443	)
Foreign		—			(114	)

Total deferred expense (benefit)		12,952			(16,592	)
Valuation allowance		(12,953	)		16,592

Total income tax provision	$	—		$	—

Schedule of Significant Components of the Company's Taxes and the Rates

Significant components of the Company’s taxes and the rates as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands, except percentages):


	Years ended December 31,
	2017					2016
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate	$	(8,591	)	34	%	$	(13,206	)	34	%
State tax, net of federal tax benefit		(697	)	3	%		(2,286	)	6	%
Foreign tax		—		—	%		(114	)	—	%
Permanent Items		(706	)	3	%		(114	)	—	%
Tax credits		(431	)	2	%		(1,276	)	3	%
Valuation allowance increase		(11,029	)	43	%		16,996		(43	)%
Tax rate change		21,454		(85	)%		—		—	%

Provision for income taxes	$	—		—	%	$	—		—	%

Schedule of Significant Components of the Company's Deferred Tax Assets

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities from federal and state income taxes as of December 31 are shown below (in thousands):


	Years ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards	$	29,713		$	41,502
Research and development credits and other tax credits		3,084			2,817
Stock-based compensation		3,565			4,658
Other		945			1,283

Total deferred tax assets		37,307			50,260
Valuation allowance		(37,307	)		(50,260	)

Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Annual Commitments Under Current Lease Agreements

Total annual commitments under non-cancelable lease agreements for each of the years ended December 31 are as follows:


	Operating Leases		Sublease Income			Net Operating Leases
2018	$	881,815	$	(216,504	)	$	665,311
2019		906,879		(183,124	)		723,755
2020		931,457		—			931,457
2021		959,401		—			959,401
2022		—		—			—
Thereafter		—		—			—

Total	$	3,679,552	$	(399,628	)	$	3,279,924

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]

Summary of the Quarterly Results of Operations

The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations of the Company for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:


	Quarter Ended(1)
	March 31			June 30			September 30			December 31
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
2017
Revenues	$	95		$	102		$	123		$	185
Operating expenses	$	10,221		$	5,990		$	5,921		$	3,969
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(10,005	)	$	(8,052	)	$	(4,298	)	$	(2,576	)
Net loss per common share - basic	$	(3.88	)	$	(3.12	)	$	(1.41	)	$	(0.77	)
Net loss per common share - diluted	$	(3.88	)	$	(3.12	)	$	(1.41	)	$	(0.77	)
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic		2,580,085			2,582,645			3,038,806			3,348,506
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted		2,580,085			2,582,645			3,038,806			3,348,506


2016
Revenues	$	120		$	104		$	89		$	68
Operating expenses	$	10,579		$	10,084		$	10,013		$	9,850
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(10,269	)	$	(10,208	)	$	(10,197	)	$	(8,554	)
Net loss per common share - basic	$	(4.14	)	$	(4.09	)	$	(4.03	)	$	(3.35	)
Net loss per common share - diluted	$	(4.09	)	$	(4.09	)	$	(4.03	)	$	(3.34	)
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic		2,479,599			2,496,504			2,528,315			2,553,287
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted		2,509,032			2,496,504			2,528,315			2,559,329

(1)	Basic and diluted net loss per common share are computed independently for each of the periods presented. Accordingly, the sum of the quarterly net loss per common share amount may not agree to the total for the year.

Organization and Basis of Presentation (Detail)			3 Months Ended		4 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Organization and Basis of Presentation (Detail)	Jun. 01, 2018 $ / shares	Feb. 20, 2018 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2018 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 $ / shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock per share \| $ / shares			$ 0.0001			$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Proceeds from exercise of warrants \| $		$ 452,000	$ 1,449,167	$ 0
Warrants exercised (in shares)			401,667			695
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio	0.08333
Common stock per share \| $ / shares	$ 0.0001
Proceeds from exercise of warrants \| $					$ 1,600,000
Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercised (in shares)		151,181	428,056
Common Stock \| Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Warrants exercised (in shares)					473,473

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Short-Term Investments (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Realized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	$ 6,400

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Warrants (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments-warrants	$ 779,076	$ 649,387	$ 834,940
Warrants \| Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments-warrants	$ 779,076	$ 649,387	$ 834,940	$ 3,297,077

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Long-Lived Assets (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Impairment of long-lived assets held-for-use	$ 104,700	$ 0
Laboratory equipment
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Estimated useful lives	5 years
Furniture and office equipment \| Minimum
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Estimated useful lives	3 years
Furniture and office equipment \| Maximum
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Estimated useful lives	5 years

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Antidilutive Securities (Detail) - shares	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	2,203,325	936,089	2,448,620	866,865
Stock Option
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	632,539	390,586	374,207	460,719
Warrants
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	1,534,905	458,826	1,962,960	378,218
Restricted Stock Units
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	30,800	81,416	106,192	22,667
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share (in shares)	5,261	5,261	5,261	5,261

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Net Loss Per Share (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended									12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Numerator:
Numerator: Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$ (4,792,237)	$ (2,576,000)	$ (4,298,000)	$ (8,052,000)	$ (10,005,597)	$ (8,554,000)	$ (10,197,000)	$ (10,208,000)	$ (10,269,000)	$ (24,930,984)	$ (39,227,959)
Adjustment for gain from change in fair value of derivative financial instruments-warrants	0				0					0	(2,321,053)
Net loss used for diluted loss per share	$ (4,792,237)				$ (10,005,597)					$ (24,930,984)	$ (41,549,012)
Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share:
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic loss per share (in shares)	4,613,704	3,348,506	3,038,806	2,582,645	2,580,085	2,553,287	2,528,315	2,496,504	2,479,599	2,890,031	2,514,570
Adjustments to reflect assumed exercise of warrants (in shares)	0				0					0	8,869
Weighted-average shares used to compute diluted net loss per share (in shares)	4,613,704	3,348,506	3,038,806	2,582,645	2,580,085	2,559,329	2,528,315	2,496,504	2,509,032	2,890,031	2,523,439
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:
Net loss per common share - basic (in USD per share)	$ (1.04)	$ (0.77)	$ (1.41)	$ (3.12)	$ (3.88)	$ (3.35)	$ (4.03)	$ (4.09)	$ (4.14)	$ (8.63)	$ (15.60)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in USD per share)	$ (1.04)	$ (0.77)	$ (1.41)	$ (3.12)	$ (3.88)	$ (3.34)	$ (4.03)	$ (4.09)	$ (4.09)	$ (8.63)	$ (15.55)

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Short-term Investments (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Cost		$ 23,987,087
Gains		374
Losses		(9,439)
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Short-term Investments		23,978,022
Corporate debt securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Maturity in Years	1 year
Cost		14,165,915
Gains		44
Losses		(5,273)
Corporate debt securities \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Short-term Investments		14,160,686
Commercial paper
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Maturity in Years	1 year
Cost		1,195,444
Gains		0
Losses		0
Commercial paper \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Short-term Investments		1,195,444
U.S. treasury securities
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Maturity in Years	1 year
Cost		8,625,728
Gains		330
Losses		(4,166)
U.S. treasury securities \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Short-term Investments		$ 8,621,892

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Property and Equipment (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2018
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization	$ 1,053,913	$ 969,833
Property and equipment, gross	4,497,804	5,588,900	$ 4,502,904
Less-accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,071,492)	(1,761,985)	(2,279,307)
Property and equipment, net	2,426,312	3,826,915	2,223,597
Furniture and office equipment
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	1,076,709	1,144,741	1,076,709
Leasehold improvements
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	1,994,514	1,994,514	1,994,514
Laboratory equipment
Property, equipment and depreciation and amortization
Property and equipment, gross	$ 1,426,581	$ 2,449,645	$ 1,431,681

Supplementary Balance Sheet Information - Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Accrued compensation		$ 618,128	$ 2,203,876
Accrued research agreements		135,139	736,199
Accrued professional fees		0	421,314
Other accrued liabilities		701,320	659,976
Total accrued liabilities	$ 1,685,178	$ 1,454,587	$ 4,021,365

Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock (Detail) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock (Detail) - USD ($)	Feb. 20, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock			$ 11,727,153	$ 2,364,801
Shares issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)		401,667		695
Warrants granted (in shares)			1,636,969	2,583
Restricted stock units issued during period (in shares)		75,392
Restricted stock issued during period (in shares)			62,116	0
Option exercise price, weighted average of $45.72
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)				103,073
Warrant exercise price of $36.00
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)				695
Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)		503,448	1,748,076	35,151
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)				8,200
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant (in shares)				221
Common stock, price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 3.36
Shares issued upon exercise of warrants (in shares)	151,181	428,056
Issuance of common stock upon releases of restricted stock units (in shares)		75,392	31,041	7,916
Common Stock \| Option exercise price of $44.76
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)				8,200
Weighted average price of shares (in dollars per share)				$ 44.76
Common Stock \| Option exercise price, weighted average of $45.72
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Weighted average price of shares (in dollars per share)				$ 45.72
Shares issued upon exercise (in shares)				28,444
Common Stock \| Warrant exercise price of $36.00
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock upon net exercise of warrant (in shares)				221
Common stock, price per share (in dollars per share)				$ 36
Agent
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Restricted stock units issued during period (in shares)			31,041
Restricted stock issued during period (in shares)			62,116
Agent \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock issued during period including share-based compensation (in shares)			1,841,233	79,932
Proceeds from the sale of common stock				$ 2,400,000
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)				35,151
Price per share (in dollars per share)				$ 67.32
Agent \| Common Stock \| Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock			$ 100,000
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)			8,507
Price per share (in dollars per share)			$ 12.96
Registered Direct Offering \| Agent \| Common Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock			$ 11,600,000
Shares of common stock issued (in shares)			1,739,569
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			386,969
Private Placement \| Agent \| Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			1,663,358

Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Warrants (Detail) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Number of Warrants
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	1,936,572	458,825	461,104
Granted (in shares)		1,636,969	2,583
Warrants exercised (in shares)	(401,667)		(695)
Expired (in shares)		(159,223)	(4,167)
Balance of derivative financial instruments-warrants liability	1,534,905	1,936,572	458,825	461,104
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the beginning of the period (in USD per share)	$ 11.40	$ 45.96	$ 46.32
Granted (in dollars per share)		6.72	58.08
Exercised (in USD per share)	3.60		36
Expired (in dollars per share)		63.84	96
Weighted average exercise price of warrants at the end of the period (in USD per share)	$ 13.32	$ 11.40	$ 45.96	$ 46.32
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term	4 years	4 years 4 months 24 days	1 year 7 months 6 days	2 years 6 months 11 days
Scenario, Previously Reported [Member]
Number of Warrants
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	1,936,571
Balance of derivative financial instruments-warrants liability		1,936,571

Stockholders' Equity - Warrants Narrative (Detail) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jul. 20, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants exercised (in shares)		(401,667)		(695)
Warrants granted (in shares)			1,636,969	2,583
Warrants granted (in dollars per share)			$ 6.72	$ 58.08
Proceeds from the sale of common stock			$ 110,000
Value of warrants recorded as debt discount and additional paid in capital			$ 0	$ 148,885
Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock	$ 15,000,000
Secured Debt
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, price per share (in dollars per share)					$ 58.08
Line of Credit \| Secured Debt
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, price per share (in dollars per share)						$ 42.12
Value of warrants recorded as debt discount and additional paid in capital				$ 148,885
Line of Credit \| Secured Debt \| Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)				1.59%
Dividend yield (as a percent)				0.00%
Expected volatility (as a percent)				130.66%
Expected warrant term				10 years
Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			386,969
Warrants granted (in dollars per share)			$ 16.92
Expiration period			5 years
Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants granted (in shares)			1,250,000
Warrants granted (in dollars per share)			$ 3.60
Expiration period			5 years
Pre-funded Warrant \| Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants exercised (in shares)		(26,389)	(26,389)
Common stock, price per share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.12	$ 0.12
Warrants granted (in shares)			26,389
Warrants granted (in dollars per share)			$ 3.48

Stockholders' Equity - Preferred Stock (Detail) - USD ($)				3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 17, 2007	Jul. 13, 2006	Mar. 17, 2006	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Accrued dividend during the period				$ 6,060	$ 24,240	$ 24,240
Stated value per share (in dollars per share)				$ 0.001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Number of shares outstanding (in shares)				60,600	60,600	60,600
Accumulated Deficit
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Accrued dividend during the period				$ 6,060	$ 24,240	$ 24,240
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cumulative dividend rate (as a percent)					4.00%
Accrued cumulative unpaid preferred stock dividends					$ 316,775	$ 292,535
Stated value per share (in dollars per share)					$ 10
Conversion price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 115.20		$ 25.80
Period during which the conversion price is subject to adjustment for dilutive issuances			12 months
Share price for 20 consecutive trading days for automatic conversion		$ 309.60
Number of consecutive trading days in which the closing price of the entity's common stock must equal or exceed a specified price in order for the preferred stock to be automatically converted		20 days
Number of common stock shares traded per day during the 20 trading days for the preferred stock to be automatically converted		695
Number of trading days in which the specified volume of common stock must be traded for the preferred stock to be automatically converted		20 days
Number of shares outstanding (in shares)					60,600	60,600

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Detail) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Detail) - USD ($)	Jun. 10, 2015	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Jun. 13, 2017	Jun. 12, 2017	May 17, 2016	Sep. 17, 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total intrinsic value of options exercised				$ 0	$ 1,932,799
Fair value of shares vested		$ 971,488	$ 1,526,211	3,992,127	$ 6,261,655
Tax benefits recognized for stock-based compensation				$ 0
Restricted stock issued during period (in shares)				62,116	0
Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)				$ 6.72	$ 43.20
Unrecognized compensation cost		$ 2,662,066	$ 5,677,247	$ 2,915,970	$ 8,211,896
Weighted-average remaining vesting period for recognition		1 year 9 months 18 days	2 years 7 months 6 days	2 years	2 years 9 months 18 days
Options outstanding, weighted average contractual life		8 years 1 month 6 days		7 years 1 month 6 days	7 years 8 months 12 days	7 years 9 months 18 days
Restricted Stock Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted-average remaining vesting period for recognition		2 years 9 months 18 days	3 years 3 months 19 days	2 years 10 months 25 days	1 day
Share-based compensation cost not yet recognized		$ 602,134	$ 1,603,214	$ 689,365	$ 4,430
Equity instruments other than options, aggregate intrinsic value, vested		266,461		647,885	293,781
Equity instruments other than options, vested in period, fair value		$ 1,070,914	$ 1,091,580	$ 1,291,878	$ 405,550
Granted (in USD per share)			$ 2.05	$ 19.08	$ 48.72
RSUs Granted (in shares)		0		187,437	33,500
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity instruments other than options, vested in period, fair value				$ 596,314
Granted (in USD per share)				$ 9.60
Equity Incentive Plan 2014
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Authorized shares under the plan (in shares)	416,667						791,667	625,000	625,000	208,333
Additional shares authorized (in shares)	208,334
Number of remaining shares available for issuance (in shares)		28,247		286,399

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-Based Compensation (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 1,406,131	$ 920,799	$ 4,012,585	$ 7,504,316
In cost of revenue
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	39,631	26,156	83,713	122,301
In research and development expenses
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	395,709	372,200	1,026,497	2,420,696
In selling and marketing expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation			676,635	2,111,366
In general and administrative expenses
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation			2,350,962	2,910,156
Benefit from restructuring
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	0	(78,866)	$ (125,222)	$ (60,203)
Included in selling, general and administrative expense
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 970,791	$ 601,309

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions Using Black-Scholes for Estimated Fair Value of Stock Options (Detail) - Stock Option	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate	2.43%	0.00%
Dividend yield (as a percent)	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	90.28%	0.00%
Expected term	5 years 2 months 12 days	0 years	5 years 3 months 19 days	5 years 6 months
Expected volatility (as a percent weighted-average)			87.00%	103.00%
Minimum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate			1.82%	0.93%
Expected volatility (as a percent)			86.00%	80.00%
Maximum
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Risk-free interest rate			2.03%	1.89%
Expected volatility (as a percent)			117.00%	134.00%

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Options Activity (Detail) - Stock Option - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Number of Options
Balance outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	374,207	460,719	460,719	579,053
Granted (in shares)	261,069	0	88,271	270,521
Exercise (in shares)				(111,273)
Cancelled / Forfeited (in shares)	(2,917)		(173,328)	(277,582)
Expired (in shares)			(1,455)
Balance outstanding at the end of the period (in shares)	632,359		374,207	460,719	579,053
Vested and exercisable at the end of the period (in shares)	429,686		228,780
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance outstanding at the beginning of the period (in USD per share)	$ 48.48	$ 65.88	$ 65.88	$ 65.40
Granted (in USD per share)	3.60		9.84	60.24
Exercised (in USD per share)				45.72
Canceled / Forfeited (in USD per share)	69.84		74.88	67.56
Expired (in USD per share)			56.88
Balance outstanding at the end of the period (in USD per share)	29.88		48.48	$ 65.88	$ 65.40
Vested and exercisable at the end of the period (in USD per share)	$ 32.52		$ 55.92
Additional Disclosures
Options outstanding, intrinsic value	$ 154,135	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 5,903,466
Vested and exercisable at the end of the period, intrinsic value	$ 109,892		$ 0
Weighted average remaining contract term, outstanding	8 years 1 month 6 days		7 years 1 month 6 days	7 years 8 months 12 days	7 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average remaining contractual term, exercisable			6 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Restricted Stock Units (Detail) - Restricted Stock Units - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Number of Shares
Non-vested at beginning of period (in shares)	106,192	22,667	22,667	0
Granted (in shares)	0		187,437	33,500
Vested (in shares)	(75,392)		(31,041)	(7,916)
Forfeited (in shares)			(72,871)	(2,917)
Non-vested at end of period (in shares)	30,800		106,192	22,667
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value at beginning of period (in USD per share)	$ 17.16	$ 47.88	$ 47.88	$ 0.00
Granted (in USD per share)		$ 2.05	19.08	48.72
Vested, weighted average grant date fair value (in USD per share)	14.16		41.64	51.24
Forfeitures (in USD per share)			21.00	47.88
Nonvested, weighted average grant date fair value at end of period (in USD per share)	$ 24.60		$ 17.16	$ 47.88
Equity instruments other than options, aggregate intrinsic value, vested	$ 266,461		$ 647,885	$ 293,781
Equity instruments other than options, aggregate intrinsic value, nonvested	$ 129,064		$ 391,848	$ 571,200	$ 0

Derivative Financial Instruments - Warrants (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	1,936,572	458,825	458,825	461,104
Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments			1,636,969	2,583
Balance of derivative financial instruments-warrants liability	1,534,905		1,936,572	458,825
Balance of derivative financial instruments-warrants liability	$ 649,387	$ 834,940	$ 834,940
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments-warrants during the period recognized as a loss in the condensed consolidated statements of operations	129,689	$ (555,506)	(3,401,072)	$ (2,462,137)
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 779,076		$ 649,387	$ 834,940
Warrants
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Weighted average remaining contractual life			4 years 4 months 24 days	2 years
Warrants \| Black Scholes Option Pricing Method
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Dividend yield (as a percent)	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Changes in the Company's derivative financial instruments liability balance
Balance of warrants outstanding at the beginning of the period (in shares)	467,577	80,608	80,608	80,608
Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments			386,969
Issuance of Derivative Financial Instruments			$ 3,215,519
Balance of derivative financial instruments-warrants liability	467,577		467,577	80,608
Balance of derivative financial instruments-warrants liability	$ 649,387	$ 834,940	$ 834,940	$ 3,297,077
Balance of derivative financial instruments liability at the end of the period	$ 779,076		$ 649,387	$ 834,940
Warrants \| Black Scholes Option Pricing Method \| Minimum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 3.72	$ 13.80	$ 3.72	$ 25.20
Expected warrant term	9 months	1 year 9 months	1 year	2 years
Risk-free interest rate	1.76%	1.20%	1.27%	0.71%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	91.00%	94.00%	86.00%	82.00%
Warrants \| Black Scholes Option Pricing Method \| Maximum
Range of assumptions used to determine the fair value of warrants
Estimated fair value of Trovagene common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 4.20	$ 25.20	$ 15.12	$ 55.80
Expected warrant term	5 years 1 month	2 years	5 years 6 months	2 years 9 months 18 days
Risk-free interest rate	2.54%	1.27%	2.21%	1.20%
Expected volatility (as a percent)	116.00%	98.00%	116.00%	94.00%

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments-warrants	$ 779,076	$ 649,387	$ 834,940
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			23,978,022
Recurring basis \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Money market fund	6,840,505	8,309,964	12,095,620
Total Assets	6,840,505	8,309,964	37,272,146
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments-warrants	779,076	649,387	834,940
Total Liabilities	779,076	649,387	834,940
Recurring basis \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement \| Scenario, Previously Reported [Member]
Assets:
Money market fund		4,522,631
Total Assets		4,522,631
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Money market fund	6,840,505	8,309,964	12,095,620
Total Assets	6,840,505	8,309,964	12,095,620
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments-warrants	0	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0	0
Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement \| Scenario, Previously Reported [Member]
Assets:
Money market fund		4,522,631
Total Assets		4,522,631
Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0	0
Total Assets	0	0	25,176,526
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments-warrants	0	0	0
Total Liabilities	0	0	0
Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Money market fund	0	0	0
Total Assets	0	0	0
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments-warrants	779,076	649,387	834,940
Total Liabilities	$ 779,076	649,387	834,940
Corporate debt securities \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			14,160,686
Corporate debt securities \| Recurring basis \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			14,160,686
Corporate debt securities \| Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			0
Corporate debt securities \| Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			14,160,686
Corporate debt securities \| Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			0
Commercial paper \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			1,195,444
Commercial paper \| Recurring basis \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			2,393,948
Commercial paper \| Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			0
Commercial paper \| Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Cash and Cash Equivalents
Assets:
Short-term Investments		$ 1,198,504
Commercial paper \| Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			2,393,948
Commercial paper \| Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			0
U.S. treasury securities \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			8,621,892
U.S. treasury securities \| Recurring basis \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			8,621,892
U.S. treasury securities \| Recurring basis \| Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets and Liabilities (Level 1) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			0
U.S. treasury securities \| Recurring basis \| Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			8,621,892
U.S. treasury securities \| Recurring basis \| Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) \| Estimate of Fair Value Measurement
Assets:
Short-term Investments			$ 0

Fair Value Measurements - Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Liabilities (Detail) - Warrants - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 649,387	$ 834,940	$ 3,297,077
Issuance of Deriviative financial Instruments		3,215,519
Realized (gains) or losses	129,689
Unrealized (gains) or losses		(3,401,072)	(2,462,137)
Balance at the end of the period	$ 779,076	$ 649,387	$ 834,940

Debt - Equipment Line of Credit (Detail) - Line of Credit - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Line of credit borrowing capacity (up to)	$ 2,000,000
Interest rate at end of period		6.00%	5.75%
Line of credit facility period for principal and interest payments after date of advance	36 months
Final payment of total amounts borrowed, percentage	7.00%
Line of credit balance		$ 1,174,989	$ 1,331,515
Interest expenses recorded		$ 24,236	$ 232,765
Prime Rate
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest above base rate	1.25%

Debt - Loan and Security Agreement (Detail)			1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Debt - Loan and Security Agreement (Detail)	Jun. 06, 2017 USD ($)	Jul. 20, 2016 $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2014 USD ($) Intangible_Assets shares	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2015 $ / shares shares
Secured Debt
Debt
Number of common shares that can be purchased upon exercise of warrant \| shares		3,562			2,583		6,144
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 58.08
Warrant exercisable term		10 years
Payment for debt extinguishment	$ 16,668,583
Prepayment fee			$ 450,000
Less discount			400,562
Unamortized portion of final fee upon repayment			$ 738,196
Interest expenses recorded							$ 801,173
Line of Credit
Debt
Interest expenses recorded						$ 24,236	$ 232,765
Line of Credit \| Secured Debt
Debt
Face value of term loan					$ 15,000,000
Number of banks with which agreement is entered \| Intangible_Assets					2
Number of common shares that can be purchased upon exercise of warrant \| shares								7,123
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares								$ 42.12
Exercisable term					10 years
Line of Credit \| Secured Debt \| Minimum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)		7.25%
Prime Rate \| Line of Credit
Debt
Interest rate above reference rate				1.25%
Prime Rate \| Line of Credit \| Secured Debt
Debt
Interest rate above reference rate		3.75%

Income Taxes - Narrative (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Detail) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
Tax rate change	$ 21,454,000	$ 0
Interest and/or penalties incurred	0
Federal
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
NOLs	130,500,000
Tax rate change	19,500,000
California Franchise Tax Board
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
NOLs	72,100,000
R&D credits \| Federal
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
Tax credits	2,000,000
R&D credits \| California Franchise Tax Board
Operating loss carryforwards (NOLs)
Tax credits	$ 1,100,000

Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current:
State	$ 1	$ 0
Total current provision	1	0
Deferred:
Federal	9,781	(14,035)
State	3,171	(2,443)
Foreign	0	(114)
Total deferred expense (benefit)	12,952	(16,592)
Valuation allowance	(12,953)	16,592
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Significant Components of Company's Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate	$ (8,591)	$ (13,206)
State tax, net of federal tax benefit	(697)	(2,286)
Foreign tax	0	(114)
Permanent Items	(706)	(114)
Tax credits	(431)	(1,276)
Valuation allowance increase	(11,029)	16,996
Tax rate change	21,454	0
Provision for income taxes	$ 0	$ 0
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent [Abstract]
Tax computed at the federal statutory rate	34.00%	34.00%
State tax, net of federal tax benefit	3.00%	6.00%
Foreign tax	0.00%	0.00%
Permanent Items	3.00%	0.00%
Tax credits	2.00%	3.00%
Valuation allowance increase	43.00%	(43.00%)
Tax rate change	(85.00%)	0.00%
Provision for income taxes	0.00%	0.00%

Income Taxes - Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards	$ 29,713	$ 41,502
Research and development credits and other tax credits	3,084	2,817
Stock-based compensation	3,565	4,658
Other	945	1,283
Total deferred tax assets	37,307	50,260
Valuation allowance	(37,307)	(50,260)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 0	$ 0

Commitments and Contingencies - Research and Development Agreements (Detail) - Norviano - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Licensing and distribution rights commitment	$ 1,000,000	$ 1,000,000
Licensing Agreements
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Research and development expense		$ 2,000,000
Research and Development Arrangement \| In research and development expenses
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Research and development expense	$ 200,000

Commitments and Contingencies - Litigation (Detail) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) Defendant
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Estimated litigation liability	$ 2,100
Former CEO and CFO
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of defendants \| Defendant	2
Amount awarded to other party	$ 975

Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Agreements (Detail)		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 11, 2015 USD ($) ft²	Nov. 30, 2015 USD ($) ft²	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) ft²	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Area under lease (in square feet) \| ft²	26,100	2,300	26,100
Monthly lease rent	$ 68,000	$ 3,100	$ 68,000
Rent expense				$ 663,000	$ 602,000

Commitments and Contingencies - Non-Cancelable Lease Agreements (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Operating Leases
2018	$ 881,815
2019	906,879
2020	931,457
2021	959,401
2022	0
Thereafter	0
Total	3,679,552
Sublease Income
2018	(216,504)
2019	(183,124)
2020	0
2021	0
2022	0
Thereafter	0
Total	(399,628)
Net Operating Leases
2018	665,311
2019	723,755
2020	931,457
2021	959,401
2022	0
Thereafter	0
Total	$ 3,279,924

Commitments and Contingencies - Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering and Database Usage - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 25, 2013	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 15, 2017
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Proceeds from the sale of common stock		$ 110,000
Maximum \| Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate initial offering price			$ 20,698,357
Selling Agents \| Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Commission as a percentage of gross proceeds	3.00%
Selling Agents \| Maximum \| Public Offering and Controlled Equity Offering
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Aggregate initial offering price	$ 30,000,000

Employee Benefit Plan (Detail)	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefit Plan (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2017
Defined Contribution Plan
Threshold age to be eligible to make catch-up contributions to the plan per IRS code	50 years

Restructuring Charges (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Restructuring Charges (Detail) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges	$ 0	$ 1,719,804	$ 2,174,251	$ 790,438
Allocated stock-based compensation	$ (1,406,131)	$ (920,799)	(4,012,585)	$ (7,504,316)
Restructuring Reserve			262,000
Employee Severance
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges			1,100,000
Allocated stock-based compensation			125,000
Impaired Long-Lived Assets
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring charges			$ 485,000

Related Party Transactions (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Related Party Transactions (Detail) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Other Affiliates
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Legal fees	$ 650,000	$ 537,000

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended									12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Quarterly Financial Data [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 100,136	$ 185,000	$ 123,000	$ 102,000	$ 95,038	$ 68,000	$ 89,000	$ 104,000	$ 120,000	$ 505,404	$ 381,072
Operating expenses	4,755,159	3,969,000	5,921,000	5,990,000	10,220,684	9,850,000	10,013,000	10,084,000	10,579,000	26,101,201	40,526,683
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (4,792,237)	$ (2,576,000)	$ (4,298,000)	$ (8,052,000)	$ (10,005,597)	$ (8,554,000)	$ (10,197,000)	$ (10,208,000)	$ (10,269,000)	$ (24,930,984)	$ (39,227,959)
Net loss per common share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.04)	$ (0.77)	$ (1.41)	$ (3.12)	$ (3.88)	$ (3.35)	$ (4.03)	$ (4.09)	$ (4.14)	$ (8.63)	$ (15.60)
Net loss per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.04)	$ (0.77)	$ (1.41)	$ (3.12)	$ (3.88)	$ (3.34)	$ (4.03)	$ (4.09)	$ (4.09)	$ (8.63)	$ (15.55)
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic (in shares)	4,613,704	3,348,506	3,038,806	2,582,645	2,580,085	2,553,287	2,528,315	2,496,504	2,479,599	2,890,031	2,514,570
Shares used in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in shares)	4,613,704	3,348,506	3,038,806	2,582,645	2,580,085	2,559,329	2,528,315	2,496,504	2,509,032	2,890,031	2,523,439

Subsequent Events (Detail) - Subsequent Event	Jun. 01, 2018	Apr. 06, 2018 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio	0.08333
Line of Credit
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Repayments of debt		$ 1,100,000

Revenue (Detail) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended									12 Months Ended
Revenue (Detail) - USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit		$ (177,728,501)	$ (173,046,186)				$ (148,115,202)				$ (173,046,186)	$ (148,115,202)
Assets		10,408,519	12,284,941				43,950,411				12,284,941	43,950,411
Equity		4,679,090	6,506,107				19,768,139				6,506,107	19,768,139	$ 48,701,289
Royalty revenue		49,055				$ 65,826					285,444	258,062
Revenues		100,136	$ 185,000	$ 123,000	$ 102,000	$ 95,038	$ 68,000	$ 89,000	$ 104,000	$ 120,000	505,404	$ 381,072
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit	$ 109,922
Unbilled receivables	$ 109,922
Assets		30,667
Equity		30,667
Royalty revenue		18,326									$ (77,589)
Revenues		$ 59,263
Earnings per share-basic and diluted (in USD per share)	$ 0.012
Minimum
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Duration to cancel agreements		60 days
Recognize minimum royalty revenue, duration in future		60 days
Maximum
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Duration to cancel agreements		90 days
Recognize minimum royalty revenue, duration in future		90 days
Performance Obligation \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit	$ (32,000)
Royalty Arrangement \| Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 \| Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit	$ (78,000)